| 演绎、归纳与溯因———从信息哲学的观点看 |
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| 引用本文： | 马明辉,何向东.演绎、归纳与溯因———从信息哲学的观点看[J].科学技术与辩证法,2014(3):12-21. |
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| 作者姓名： | 马明辉 何向东 |
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| 作者单位： | 西南大学逻辑与智能研究中心,重庆400715 |
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| 基金项目： | 重庆市人文社会科学重点研究基地重点项目“逻辑推理与信息的交互解释研究”（11SKB15）;国家社科基金重点项目“意识、表征与行动”（12AZD073） |
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| 摘 要： | 推理实质上是认知信息的更新方式。从信息哲学的角度，可以为演绎、归纳与溯因等三种推理方式划定界限。除了可能世界语义学，使用邻域模型也可以为认知信息的更新构造模型。有两种更新方式：交集模型和子集模型。利用交集模型可以对演绎推理作出信息论的解释。归纳推理的结论是带强度的信念。子集模型可以对科学发现的过程作出解释，从而区分演绎、归纳和溯因。邻域语义学揭示的两种信息更新方式是不同的，这是信息更新的逻辑动态学方面的新发现。
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| 关 键 词： | 推理 邻域模型 信息更新 演绎 归纳 溯因 |
Deduction,Induction and Abduction --From the Perspective of Philosophy of Information |
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| Institution: | MA Ming - hui, HE Xiang - dong (Center for the Study of Logic and Intelligence, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China) |
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| Abstract: | Inference is essentially a way of updating cognitive information. Three inference modes deduction, induction and abduction can be distinguished from the perspective of philosophy of information. Beside possible world semantics, neighborhood models can also be used as models for updating cognitive information. There are two ways of updating： intersection model and subset model. Intersection model can be used to interpret deduction in terms of information. The result of induction is belief with degree. The subset model can be used to interpret the process of scientific discovery. Thus deduction, induction and abduction are distinguished. The two ways of updating information in neighborhood semantics are different, and this is a new discovery on logical dynamics of information flow. |
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| Keywords: | inference neighborhood model information updating deduction induction abduction |
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