| 我国生物安全文化建设的对策研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 贾晓娟,刘文军.我国生物安全文化建设的对策研究[J].中国科学院院刊,2016,31(4):445-451. |
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| 作者姓名： | 贾晓娟 刘文军 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院微生物研究所 生物安全三级实验室 北京 100101,中国科学院微生物研究所 生物安全三级实验室 北京 100101 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家“863”计划课题(2014AA021405) |
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| 摘 要： | 生物风险是现代生物技术潜在的"负效应",随着现代生物技术的飞速发展,新的生物风险必将不断产生并危及人类生产和生活。特别是当现代生物技术与商业利益、跨国资本、地缘政治结合时,生物风险不仅是科技问题,而且是社会问题。因此,生物安全已成为当前国际安全问题的核心之一。加强生物安全建设的根本途径是生物安全文化的培育和创新。生物安全文化主要包括制度文化、物质文化和精神文化三方面。文章就此三方面分析了当前我国生物安全文化的现状和不足,阐明了当前重视和加强生物安全文化建设的必要性和意义,并对今后如何培育和加强我国的生物安全文化建设提出观点和建议。
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| 关 键 词： | 现代生物技术 生物危害 生物安全文化 建议 |
| 收稿时间： | 2016/3/7 0:00:00 |
Strategic Significance, Current Situation, and Development Suggestion of Biosafety Cultural Construction |
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| Jia Xiaojuan and Liu Wenjun.Strategic Significance, Current Situation, and Development Suggestion of Biosafety Cultural Construction[J].Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,2016,31(4):445-451. |
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| Authors: | Jia Xiaojuan and Liu Wenjun |
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| Institution: | Biosafety Level-3 Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China and Biosafety Level-3 Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China |
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| Abstract: | The rapid development of modern biotechnology has brought us new productivity and creativity, but just as the coin has two sides, its characteristics of genetic manipulation bring much potential biological hazards too, such as genetically modified organism (GMO), biological diversity, toxins, pathogenic microorganisms, infectious samples, and so on. With the extensive application of modern biological technology and products circulations, the biological hazards have been expanded from the traditional life science to many other related fields including human health, food security, ecological environment, morality, ethics, and national security. So the biosafety issues are not only a matter of science, but also that of social and national security. To strengthen the biosafety is very necessary and very important. To cultivate and develop the biosafety culture is the core of biosafety construction. Many countries have put the construction and reform of biosafety as one of the key national security plans. However, at present, our country''s biosafety culture is weak, and it is very necessary and important to cultivate and strengthen it. The biosafety culture includes the biosafety system culture, biosafety material culture, and the biosafety spiritual culture. In this article, we analyzed the deficiency of present biosafety culture from above three aspects, and put forward some suggestion. With the rapid development of modern biotechnology, our biosafety laws, regulations, and relevant management mechanism could not fundamentally meet the needs of government management. We do not have a set of independent and comprehensive biosafety laws yet. Every related government department such as the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Health, and the Ministry of Environmental Protection made regulation and implement management separately, which cause the management overlap or gap. Therefore, on one hand, we should found a specialized organization responsible for uniformly managing and coordinating the duties and powers of above these departments. Meanwhile, we should establish a set of independent and comprehensive biosafety laws and regulations, and necessarily to detail all the biosafety standards and guidelines. On the other hand, we should create biosafety website in order to realize the unified management and information sharing. Furthermore, we suggest that to create a biological hazard database to bring a convenient and consistent approach to manage the biological hazard. On the aspect of biosafety material culture, the government has not set out more biosafety projects and invests enough. The less funding on the biosafety field leads to the low abilities of independently researching and developing biosafety facilities, quite amount of protective equipment is imported now. Thus, we suggest more government sponsored projects and more invest, and also provide subsidy for the staff who engaged in the high biohazard work. On the aspect of biosafety spiritual culture, the biosafety information resources are limited, popular awareness and communication are not enough. Even in the Institute of Life Sciences, some managers'' own biosafety consciousness is weak and the biosafety training is insufficient. So firstly, the government should emphasize the importance of biosafety training including establishing a qualified biosafety training institutions, forming a training biosafety elite team, and preparing a set of systemic training materials. Secondly, we suggest strengthening the popularization of science and encouraging various ways of biosafety culture communication including creating a biosafety WeChat public, and designating a day as the national biosafety popular science day. Thirdly, we propose to take the ethics and morality as the key factors when evaluating the abilities of the life science researchers, and carry out some biosafety training for them regularly to strengthen their professional ethics. In conclusion, at present cultivating and developing biosafety culture is very necessary and very important for us. It requires the government to attach great importance to the biosafety cultural construction and make overall development strategy and the detailed plans. So the cultivating and construction of biosafety is a difficult and long-term task, and it requires the public to participate in and make efforts together. |
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| Keywords: | modern biotechnology biological hazards biosafety culture suggestions |
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