| 中国荒漠生态系统：功能提升、服务增效 |
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| 引用本文： | 程磊磊,却晓娥,杨柳,姚雪玲,卢琦.中国荒漠生态系统：功能提升、服务增效[J].中国科学院院刊,2020,35(6):690-698. |
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| 作者姓名： | 程磊磊 却晓娥 杨柳 姚雪玲 卢琦 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国林业科学研究院荒漠化研究所 北京 100091;中国林业科学研究院荒漠化研究所 北京 100091;中国林业科学研究院沙漠林业实验中心 巴彦淖尔 015200 |
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| 摘 要： | 荒漠是我国干旱、半干旱地区的典型原生生态系统,具有独特的结构、功能与服务。文章基于《荒漠生态系统服务评估规范》,利用第五次全国荒漠化和沙化监测数据(2010—2014年),首次估算出2014年我国荒漠生态系统服务总价值约为42 279亿元人民币(2014年价格);其中,防风固沙、水文调控、土壤保育和固碳价值分别占比40.1%、24.2%、18.1%和17.0%,生物多样性保育和景观游憩所占比重合计不到1%。剔除价格因素影响,2009—2014年我国荒漠生态系统服务价值实际净增1 202亿元人民币(2014年价格),其中防风固沙服务效益提升的贡献最大(达47.5%)。文章探索以荒漠生态系统服务价值与国内生产总值(GDP)的比值来衡量生态保护与经济增长的发展均衡度,2009—2014年该比值在荒漠生态系统涉及的所有地区均有下降,各地区降幅从19.4%到38.8%不等,这表明当前荒漠生态系统功能提升与服务增效的速度慢于区域经济增速。因此,在发展经济的同时需要加大荒漠生态系统的保护与修复力度,以促进我国西北干旱半干旱地区尽快步入荒漠生态系统提质增效与经济增长高度均衡的发展阶段。
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| 关 键 词： | 荒漠 生态系统 生态服务 功能评估 价值核算 提质增效 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020/5/27 0:00:00 |
China's Desert Ecosystem: Functions Rising and Services Enhancing |
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| CHENG Leilei,QUE Xiao''e,YANG Liu,YAO Xueling,LU Qi.China''s Desert Ecosystem: Functions Rising and Services Enhancing[J].Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,2020,35(6):690-698. |
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| Authors: | CHENG Leilei QUE Xiao'e YANG Liu YAO Xueling LU Qi |
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| Institution: | Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China;Experimental Center of Desert Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Bayannur 015200, China |
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| Abstract: | Desert is the typical original ecosystem in arid and semi-arid zones of China and is characterized by its unique structure, functions and services. This study, based on the national forestry standard Assessment Criteria of Desert Ecosystem Services in China and the fifth National Desertification and Sandification Monitoring data, first estimated the total value of China''s desert ecosystem services in 2014 to be 4227.9 billion CNY (in 2014 prices), of which, wind break and sand fixation, hydrological regulation, soil conservation, and carbon sequestration consisted of 40.1%, 24.2%, 18.1% and 17.0%, respectively, and biodiversity conservation and landscape recreation together accounted for less than 1%. By eliminating the impacts of price change, the real value of China''s desert ecosystem services was increased by 120.2 billion CNY (in 2014 prices) from 2009 to 2014, of which improvement in wind break and sand fixation service contributed the most (by 47.5%). We tried to measure the equilibrium degree of ecological protection and economic growth by the ratio of ecosystem service value to GDP. The ratios of the provincial regions wholly or partly covered by desert ecosystem all decreased during 2009 and 2014, with a decrease range between 19.4% and 38.8%, which indicates that the speed of desert ecosystem function raising and service enhancement was slower than regional economic growth. The protection and rehabilitation of desert ecosystem needs to be accelerated along with economic growth, thus a higher equilibrium degree of economic growth and function raising and service enhancement of desert ecosystem can be achieved in the northwestern arid and semi-arid regions in China. |
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| Keywords: | desert ecosystem ecosystem service function assessment valuation enhancement |
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