| 汶川地震次生山地灾害及其减灾对策 |
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| 引用本文： | 崔鹏,韦方强,陈晓清,何思明,游勇,党超,李占鲁.汶川地震次生山地灾害及其减灾对策[J].中国科学院院刊,2008,23(4):317-323. |
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| 作者姓名： | 崔鹏 韦方强 陈晓清 何思明 游勇 党超 李占鲁 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院成都山地灾害与环境研究所,成都,610041 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目，中国科学院抗震救灾应急减灾项目和中国科学院山地灾害与环境研究所应急减灾项目的支持 |
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| 摘 要： | 2008年5月12日的中国四川汶川8.0级地震发生于青藏高原东缘的龙门山断裂带。龙门山断裂带主要由3条北东—南西向的平行断裂构成,主震发生在其中央断裂即映秀—北川断裂,属单向破裂。余震在3条断裂上皆有发生,由南西向北东方向推移。地震引发了大量的次生灾害,主要为滚石、崩塌、滑坡、堰塞湖和泥石流,其中,滚石、崩塌、滑坡成为阻断交通的主要灾害。堰塞湖不仅对上游造成淹没,而且对下游形成巨大的洪水威胁。地震诱发的山地灾害形成灾害链,即崩塌、滑坡→(泥石流→)堰塞湖→溃决洪水或泥石流。次生灾害沿破裂带及两侧密集分布,并随距破裂带的距离增大而急剧减少。震后次生灾害将进入活跃期,崩塌滑坡的活跃期将持续5—10年,泥石流的活跃期将持续10—20年。文章根据次生灾害的特征和发展趋势,提出了震后次生灾害的应急减灾措施和恢复重建中的减灾措施。
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| 关 键 词： | 汶川 地震 滑坡 泥石流 堰塞湖 灾害链 减灾 |
Geo-hazards in Wenchuan Earthquake Area and Countermeasures for Disaster Reduction |
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| Cui Peng,Wei Fangqiang,Chen Xiaoqing,He Siming.Geo-hazards in Wenchuan Earthquake Area and Countermeasures for Disaster Reduction[J].Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,2008,23(4):317-323. |
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| Authors: | Cui Peng Wei Fangqiang Chen Xiaoqing He Siming |
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| Institution: | Cui Peng Wei Fangqiang Chen Xiaoqing He Siming(Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,CAS 610041 Chengdu) |
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| Abstract: | The devastating Wenchuan Earthquake occurred in Wengchuan,Sichuan Province,China,with a magnitude of 8.0 on May 12.The main earthquake zone was extended along the Longmenshan fault with 300 kilometers in length on the East edge of Tibet Plateau.Numerous geo-hazards broke out simultaneously and rock avalanches,rock flows,landslides,and debris flows responded the earthquake violently.Many roads were destroyed by rock avalanches,rock flows,landslides,which makes succor more difficulty.Debris was dashed into river channels at different sections,forming a couple of dozens of barrier lakes.These earthquake-lakes not only have flooded human habituations,roads and farmlands in the upstream but also would pose a great threat to the downstream cities once it were to break up.The geo-hazards in quake hitting area concentratively appear in the area very near faults.The post-earthquake geo-hazards will continue for years.At last,the countermeasures for disaster mitigation are suggested. |
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| Keywords: | Wenchuan earthquake landslide debris flow dammed lake disaster chain disaster nitigation |
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