| 中国水资源与可持续发展 |
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| 引用本文： | 王浩,王建华.中国水资源与可持续发展[J].中国科学院院刊,2012,27(3):352-358,331. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王浩 王建华 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室 北京100038 |
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| 摘 要： | 在可持续发展理念的指导下,特别是《里约宣言》发布以来,中国在水资源合理开发、高效利用、有效保护和综合管理等方面进行了大量实践探索,确立可持续发展的治水新思路,着力解决农村人畜饮水安全,推进节水型社会建设,开展水生态系统保护和修复,完善城乡供水系统能力,推行公众参与式管理,以占全球6%的水资源量,支撑了22%的人口和近10%的经济增长速率。受水资源自然条件、经济社会规模与发展阶段以及全球气候变化等因素的综合影响,中国正面临着水资源供需矛盾、水环境污染、水生态退化以及极端与突发事件频繁等突出问题。中国政府对此高度重视,科学制定水资源可持续利用战略,进一步完善水资源基础设施体系,改革水资源管理公共政策与管理系统,切实保障国家水资源安全,以水资源可持续利用支撑经济社会的可持续发展,实现途径主要包括全面建设节水防污型社会、实行最严格的水资源管理制度、强化水资源与生态环境保护、构建国家智能水网工程系统、建立水资源风险管理体系以及强化水资源的科技支撑等。
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| 关 键 词： | 水资源 可持续利用 安全保障 |
Sustainable Utilization of China’s Water Resources |
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| Wang Hao and Wang Jianhua.Sustainable Utilization of China’s Water Resources[J].Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,2012,27(3):352-358,331. |
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| Authors: | Wang Hao and Wang Jianhua |
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| Institution: | Wang Hao Wang Jianhua(State Key Laboratory of simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower research 100038 Beijing) |
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| Abstract: | Under the guidance of sustainable development concept,and especially since the release of "Rio Declaration",China has made many explorations and practices in rational development,efficient utilization,effective protection and integrated management of water resources,thus established a new approach to sustainable water development with a focus on ensuring drinking water safety of rural residents and cattle,promoting the construction of a water-saving society system,protecting and restoring water eco-system,enhancing the capacity of urban-rural water supply system and emphasizing public participation.With only 6% of the world’s fresh water resources,China succeeds in supporting 22% of the world’s population and sustaining 10% of economic growth rate.Under the combined effects of natural water resources conditions,socio-economic scale and development stage as well as global climate change,China is confronted with such prominent problems as a conflict between water supply and demand,water environmental pollution,water ecological degradation and frequent occurrence of extreme and accidental events.The Chinese Government has attached great importance to solving the above problems by scientifically formulating the strategy of sustainable water resources utilization,improving water resources infrastructure system,and reforming the public policy and governing system for water resources management in order to conscientiously guarantee national water security and back up sustainable socio-economic development by sustained utilization of water resources.To this end,we have undertaken major projects as follows: comprehensively building a society featuring water-conservation and pollution-prevention;implementing the most stringent water resources management system;strengthening water resources and eco-environmental protection;construct national smart grid project system;establishing water resources risk management system and intensify scientific and technological support for water resources,etc. |
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| Keywords: | earth charter water resources sustainable utilization security guarantee |
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