| 化肥与农业 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘学军,张卫峰,张福锁.化肥与农业[J].中国科学院院刊,2011(Z1):119-124. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘学军 张卫峰 张福锁 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国农业大学资源与环境学院 北京 100193;中国农业大学资源与环境学院 北京 100193;中国农业大学资源与环境学院 北京 100193 |
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| 摘 要： | 化肥是现代农业的物质基础、是粮食的“粮食”,但化肥施用不当会对生态环境造成负面影响。我国化肥从无到有、在过去60年中实现了生产和使用的双重飞跃,化肥的产量和用量从1950年(<5万吨/年)至2009年(>5 000万吨/年)增幅超过1 000倍,这极大地促进了我国农作物产量的提高,在保障粮食安全方面起到了不可替代的作用;但另一方面,由于部分地区施肥不当,化肥带来了局部生态环境污染加剧等问题,成为我国经济和农业发展的制约因素。因此,应结合国家测土配方施肥行动,采用养分资源综合管理技术,改进管理者和农户的认知水平,提高化肥、有机肥等各种养分的利用效率,以扩大经济产出、降低环境压力,支撑我国农业与环境可持续发展。
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| 关 键 词： | 粮食安全 肥料利用率 氮素环境效应 养分资源管理 |
| 收稿时间： | 2010/12/29 0:00:00 |
Chemical Fertilizer and Agriculture |
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| Liu Xuejun,Zhang Weifeng and Zhang Fusuo.Chemical Fertilizer and Agriculture[J].Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,2011(Z1):119-124. |
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| Authors: | Liu Xuejun Zhang Weifeng and Zhang Fusuo |
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| Institution: | College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University 100193 Beijing;College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University 100193 Beijing;College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University 100193 Beijing |
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| Abstract: | Chemical fertilizers play key roles in food security and crop production in modern agriculture. However, misuse of chemical fertilizers can damage the ecological environment due to large amounts of nutrient loss. Both production and consumption of chemical fertilizers in China have increased greatly from 1950 (<0.05Mt/yr) to 2009 (>50Mt/yr). The rapid increase in chemical fertilizers has substantially improved crop yield and production while overuse of chemical fertilizers has also caused serious eco-environmental problems. Therefore, in order to realize the sustainable development of Chinese agriculture and its environment, we strongly recommend an integrated nutrient resource management together with the national soil testing and fertilizer recommendation action, which is crucial to improve the use efficiency of various nutrients from both chemical and organic fertilizers and other sources. |
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| Keywords: | food security recovery efficiency of fertilizers nitrogen impact on the environment integrated nutrient management |
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