| 加强植物迁地保护，促进植物资源保护和利用 |
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| 引用本文： | 周桔,杨明,文香英,李楠,任海.加强植物迁地保护，促进植物资源保护和利用[J].中国科学院院刊,2021,36(4):417-424. |
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| 作者姓名： | 周桔 杨明 文香英 李楠 任海 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院 科技促进发展局 北京 100864;中国科学院华南植物园 广东省应用植物学重点实验室 广州 510650 |
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| 基金项目： | 生态环境部生物多样性专项（No.8-3-7-20-10） |
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| 摘 要： | 植物资源是人类生存和发展的基础,由于人为和自然原因,植物多样性面临着严重威胁。迁地保护是解除威胁的重要方式,植物园和种质库是迁地保护的主要载体。全球植物园迁地保护了105 634种植物,约占全球植物总数的30%,并且保护了超过40%的受威胁物种;同时,全球500多座种质资源库收藏作物资源300多万份。中国的植物园迁地保护了20 000余种本土植物,约占全国总物种数的60%;国家农作物种质库和资源圃共保存种质资源50余万份。植物迁地保护机构在加强植物保护的同时,开展了大量科学研究和资源利用工作。文章在介绍植物迁地保护状况的基础上,综述了相关研究进展,提出了加强我国植物迁地保护的建议,以期促进植物多样性迁地保护和生物多样性可持续利用。
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| 关 键 词： | 植物园 种质库 生物多样性保护 可持续发展 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021/4/3 0:00:00 |
Strengthen Ex Situ Conservation of Plants and Promote Protection and Utilization of Plant Resources |
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| Institution: | Bureau of Science and Technology for Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China |
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| Abstract: | Plant resources are the basis of human survival and development. Due to human and natural disturbance, plant diversity is facing a serious threat. Ex situ conservation is an important way to remove the threat. Botanical garden and germplasm bank are the main institutions of ex situ conservation. A total of 105 634 species of plants have been ex situ protected in the global botanical gardens, accounting for about 30% of the global total, and more than 40% of the threatened species have been protected. More than 3 million crop germplasm resources have been collected in more than 500 germplasm banks around the world. China''s botanical gardens ex situ protected more than 20 000 native plants, accounting for about 60% of the total species; the National Crop Germplasm Bank and resource nurseries preserved more than 500 000 germplasm resources. While strengthening plant conservation, ex situ plant protection institutions have carried out a lot of scientific research and resource utilization. In order to promote the ex situ conservation of plant diversity and green development, this study also reviewed the research progress of ex situ conservation of plants, and put forward some suggestions on strengthening ex situ conservation of plants in China. |
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| Keywords: | botanical garden germplasm bank biodiversity conservation sustainable development |
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