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碳中和目标下的若干地球系统科学和技术问题分析
引用本文:蔡兆男,成里京,李婷婷,郑循华,王林,韩圣慧,王凯,屈侠,江飞,张永雨,朱建华,龙上敏,孙扬,贾炳浩,袁文平,张天一,张晴,谢瑾博,朱家文,刘志强,吴琳,杨东旭,魏科,吴林,张稳,刘毅,曹军骥.碳中和目标下的若干地球系统科学和技术问题分析[J].中国科学院院刊,2021,36(5):602-613.
作者姓名:蔡兆男  成里京  李婷婷  郑循华  王林  韩圣慧  王凯  屈侠  江飞  张永雨  朱建华  龙上敏  孙扬  贾炳浩  袁文平  张天一  张晴  谢瑾博  朱家文  刘志强  吴琳  杨东旭  魏科  吴林  张稳  刘毅  曹军骥
作者单位:中国科学院大气物理研究所 北京 100029;中国科学院大气物理研究所 北京 100029;中国科学院大学 地球与行星科学学院 北京 100049;中国科学院大气物理研究所 北京 100029;中国科学院大学 地球与行星科学学院 北京 100049;南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室 珠海 519080;南京大学 国际地球系统科学研究所 南京 210023;中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所 青岛 266101;中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所 北京 100091;河海大学 海洋学院 南京 210024;中山大学 大气科学学院 广州 510275
基金项目:中国科学院青年创新促进会会员项目(2018097、2020077)
摘    要:碳中和作为21世纪最大规模的有序人类活动,亟待科学应对。文章从地球系统科学角度,讨论了支撑"碳达峰、碳中和"目标的大气、陆地和海洋相关的地球系统科学中的若干科学和技术问题及现存的知识不足。从地球系统模式、气候监测指标、温室气体监测技术、碳源/汇核算方法体系等方面,阐述了支撑碳中和的关键技术手段及现存的问题。基于目前存在的挑战和不足,建议深入理解气候系统多圈层相互作用过程和机制,完善地球系统理论与模式,从多圈层角度加强"碳达峰、碳中和"目标和气候变化理论基础;自主构建气候变化监测指标系统,研发温室气体监测与核查手段和平台,为碳中和目标提供先进的技术手段支撑。

关 键 词:碳中和  碳源  碳汇  温室气体  气候变化  地球系统模式  气候监测
收稿时间:2021/5/9 0:00:00

Key Scientific and Technical Issues in Earth System Science Towards Achieving Carbon Neutrality in China
CAI Zhaonan,CHENG Lijing,LI Tingting,ZHENG Xunhu,WANG Lin,HAN Shenghui,WANG Kai,QU Xi,JIANG Fei,ZHANG Yongyu,ZHU Jianhu,LONG Shangmin,SUN Yang,JIA Binghao,YUAN Wenping,ZHANG Tianyi,ZHANG Qing,XIE Jinbo,ZHU Jiawen,LIU Zhiqiang,WU Lin,YANG Dongxu,WEI Ke,WU Lin,ZHANG Wen,LIU Yi,CAO Junji.Key Scientific and Technical Issues in Earth System Science Towards Achieving Carbon Neutrality in China[J].Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,2021,36(5):602-613.
Authors:CAI Zhaonan  CHENG Lijing  LI Tingting  ZHENG Xunhu  WANG Lin  HAN Shenghui  WANG Kai  QU Xi  JIANG Fei  ZHANG Yongyu  ZHU Jianhu  LONG Shangmin  SUN Yang  JIA Binghao  YUAN Wenping  ZHANG Tianyi  ZHANG Qing  XIE Jinbo  ZHU Jiawen  LIU Zhiqiang  WU Lin  YANG Dongxu  WEI Ke  WU Lin  ZHANG Wen  LIU Yi  CAO Junji
Institution:Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519080, China;International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China;Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China;College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China;School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
Abstract:The carbon neutrality strategy will be the largest orderly human activity in this century, which requires strong scientific supports. This study introduces some key scientific questions and remaining knowledge gaps in earth system science (i.e. atmosphere, land, ocean science), and also discusses some key techniques and the associated challenges, including Earth System Model, climate metrics, greenhouse gasses monitoring techniques, carbon inventories from regional to global scales. On this basis, this study recommends to construct climate monitoring system and platform in China, better describe and understand the earth system coupling processes and mechanisms. To consolidate the techniques for carbon neutrality, this study also suggests to build carbon monitoring and inventory assessment platform and to improve the Earth System Model.
Keywords:carbon neutrality  carbon source  carbon sink  greenhouse gas  climate change  earth system model  climate monitoring
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