| Figs,Wasps, Carrots and Sticks? A New Theoretical Approach to Understanding the Origin and Nature of Mutualisms and Symbiotic Relationships |
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| 作者姓名： | Andrew Willden |
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| 作者单位： | the Kunming Institute of Zoology |
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| 摘 要： | <正>Mutualisms—relationships where by two organisms live in tandem with one another,each providing a service to the other—are among the most interesting and complex relationships in nature.These kinds of relationships are generally considered cooperative interactions,whereby each of the organisms incurs substantial cost in trading services with its partner in order for each of them to gain some benefit and increase their chances of survival and evolutionary fitness.While
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| 关 键 词： | evolutionary partner trading cooperative providing fitness tandem cooperation mutual actually |
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