| 干旱半干旱过渡带雨水集流试验与微型生态集雨模式 |
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| 引用本文： | 李小雁,高前兆.干旱半干旱过渡带雨水集流试验与微型生态集雨模式[J].中国科学院研究生院学报,2004,21(2):282-287. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李小雁 高前兆 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,兰州 730000 |
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| 基金项目： | supportedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina( 4 0 10 10 0 4) |
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| 摘 要： | 干旱半干旱过渡带是生态环境变化的敏感和脆弱地带 ,气候的波动性和人口压力是生态脆弱的根本原因 ,干旱和半干旱区交界线在丰枯年份的空间摆动幅度最大达 1 1 0— 1 30km .水资源短缺是制约该区经济发展和生态环境改善的主要因素之一 ,有限的降水资源是生活和农业生产的主要水源 ,也是可以通过人为措施开发利用的水源 .集水技术操作简单 ,适应性强 ,费用低 ,开发潜力大 ,从事的生产领域广泛 ,采用这种技术可以建立新的农业生态系统并改善该区生态环境 .分析了干旱半干旱区过渡带降水的时空变异性 ,确定了 2 5 0mm降水量线在丰枯年份的空间摆动幅度 .通过野外径流观测试验 ,系统研究了雨水集流系统集流面的产流特征和集水效率、水质和集水的高效利用 ,并为脆弱区生态环境建设提出小流域微型生态雨水集流模式 .
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| 关 键 词： | 雨水集流 降水 径流 生态环境 干旱半干旱过渡带 |
Experimental Study on Rainfall Harvesting and Microcatchment Model for Ecosystem Rehabilitation in the Transitional Zone Between Arid and Semiarid Regions |
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| Abstract.Experimental Study on Rainfall Harvesting and Microcatchment Model for Ecosystem Rehabilitation in the Transitional Zone Between Arid and Semiarid Regions[J].Journal of the Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,2004,21(2):282-287. |
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| Authors: | Abstract |
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| Abstract: | The transitional zone between arid and semiarid regions of northwest China is the most sensitive ecotone to the global climate change and also a severe land degradation area in China. Climate fluctuation and population pressure are the main reasons resulting in the vulnerability of the regional ecology.The 250 mm isohyet is used as the climatic boundary line between arid and semiarid region and it shifts at a maximum distance of 110-130 km during the extreme dry and wet year. Precipitation is the major water source for domestic use, agricultural production and environmental improvement in this transitional area, and it has a great effect on the functions of the ecosystem. Characterized by simple operation, high adaptation and low cost, rainwater-harvesting techniques have a great potential to be used in many aspects and would provide the possibilities of setting up new agricultural ecological system and whereby improve ecological environments in the semiarid regions. This study deals with precipitation fluctuations in the transitional zone between the arid and semiarid regions of northwest China from the 1950s to the 1990s,discusses spatial variation of 250 mm isohyet during the dry years and wet years; and systematically studies rainfall harvesting system relative to runoff inducing catchments, water storage and highly efficient utilization and evaluates the influence of rainwater harvesting on regional development and environment conservation. Based on the experiment on rainfall harvesting and field investigation, the microcatchment rainwater-harvesting model for ecosystem construction is proposed. |
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| Keywords: | rainfall harvesting precipitation runoff eco-environment transitional zone between arid and semiarid regions |
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