| 柏科的分类和分布:亚科、族和属 |
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| 引用本文： | 江泽平,王豁然.柏科的分类和分布:亚科、族和属[J].中国科学院研究生院学报,1997,35(3):236-248. |
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| 作者姓名： | 江泽平 王豁然 |
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| 摘 要： | 柏科Cupressaceae和杉科Taxcdiaceae有许多相似之处，近年来不少分类学家主张把两科合并成
广义的柏科。原杉科中的金松属Sciadopitys与两科其他屑的差异较大，被提升为单种科Sciadopity-
aceae。本文根据球果可育种鳞的位置把柏科(狭义)分为2亚科，即上部种鳞不可育的柏木亚科Cupres-
soideae和上部种鳞可育的澳洲柏亚科Callitroideae。综合其他形态学和解剖学证据，柏木亚科又分4族，即柏木族Cupresseae(包括：柏木属Cupressus、杂交柏属X Cupressocyparis、扁柏屑Chamaecyparis和福建柏属Fokeinia)、侧柏族Thujopsideae(包括：崖柏属Thuja、罗汉柏属Thujopsis和侧柏属laty-ladus)、圆柏族Junlpereae(包括：圆柏属Junzperus和海参威柏属Microbiota)以及香漆柏族Tetraclineae(包括：翠柏属Calt*edrus和香漆柏属Tetraclinis)。澳洲柏亚科又分3族，即澳洲柏族Actinostrobeae(包括：西澳柏属Actinostrobus、澳洲柏属Callitris、智利柏属Fitzroya和杉叶柏属Neocallitropsis)、南非柏族Widdringtoneae(包括：白智利柏属Pilgerodendron、塔斯曼柏属Diselma和南非柏属Widdringtonia)以及甜柏族Libocedreae(包括：甜柏属Libocedrus、巴布亚柏屑Papuacedrus和南美柏属Austrocedrus)。柏科21个属的地理分布可划分为5种类型，即：(1)杂交柏属系英国选出的属间杂交类型；(2)分布非洲、欧洲、亚洲和北美洲的属，有柏木属和圆柏属2个属；(3)东亚—北美洲际间断分布的属，有扁柏属、崖柏属和翠柏属3个属；(4)分布区较窄的属，包括西澳柏属，、澳洲柏属、甜柏屑、巴布亚柏属、南非柏属5个属；(5)单种屑，包括福建柏属、海参威柏属、罗汉柏属、侧柏属、香漆柏属、杉叶柏属、塔斯曼柏属、智利柏屑、南美柏属和白智利柏属等10个属。该科属的3个地理分布中心是：东亚(9属)、北美西南部(5属)、澳大利亚及其东部附近群岛(6属)。此外，地中海沿岸分布3属，智利南部和阿根廷分布3属。
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| 关 键 词： | 柏科 分类 地理分布 |
Taxonomy of the Cupressaceae: Subfamilies, Tribes and Genera |
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| Jiang Ze-ping,Wang Huo-ran.Taxonomy of the Cupressaceae: Subfamilies, Tribes and Genera[J].Journal of the Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,1997,35(3):236-248. |
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| Authors: | Jiang Ze-ping Wang Huo-ran |
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| Abstract: | Cupressaceae and Taxodiaceae have recently been merged under the earlier name
Cupressaceae s.I. by many authors, as the two families are similar in a number of morpho-
logical characters. Sciadopitys S. et Z., which has often been treated as a morphologically
isolated member of the Taxodiaceae, has recently been considered as a monotypic family,
Sciadopityaceae. The Cupressaceae s.s. may be reorganized into two subfamilies. The Cu
pressoideae is composed of genera with the uppermost cone-scales infertile and can be divided
into four tribes: Cnpresseae, including Cupressus, X Cupressocyparis, Charnaecyparis and
Fokeinia;Thujopsideae, including Thuja, Thujopsis and Platycladusl Junipereae, includ-
ing Juniperus and Microbiota; and Tetraclineae, including Calocedrus and Tetraclinis.
The Callitroideae is composed of genera with the uppermost cone-scales fertile and can be divided into three tribes: Actinostrobeae, including Actinostrobus, Callitris, Fitzroya and
Neocallitropsis; Widdringtoneae, including Pilgerodendron, Diselma and Widdringtonia ;
Libocedreae, including Libocedrus, Papuacedrus and Austrocedrus. Five geographical dis-
tribution patterns are recognized in the 21 genera of Cupressaceae. (a) One genus, X Cu-
pressocyparis, is a natural hybrid derived from selections in England; (b) Two genera, Cu-
pressus and Juniperus, are distributed in Africa, Europe, Asia and North America; (c)
Three genera, Thuja, Chamaecyparis, and Calocedrus, are disjnnctly distributed in East-
em Asia and North America; (d) Five genera, Actinostrobus, Callitris, Libocedrus,
Papuacedrus and Widdringtonia, have limited distribution; and (e) The other 10 genera,
which are monotypic, are restricted to narrow areas except Plotycladus. Three centers of
genera diversity are identified in the Cupressaceae, i. e Eastern Asia with nine genera, southwestern North America with five genera, and Australia and its adjacent islands in the east with six genera, including New Zealand,. Tasmania, New Caledonia, and New Guinea.
Other important areas are western Mediterranean with three genera and Chile and Argentinawith three genera. |
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| Keywords: | Cupressaceae Taxonomy Distribution |
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