| 创新网络守门人区域比较研究:以电信领域为例 |
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| 引用本文： | 戴勇,王诗卉.创新网络守门人区域比较研究:以电信领域为例[J].科研管理,2019,40(7):106-118. |
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| 作者姓名： | 戴勇 王诗卉 |
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| 作者单位： | 湖北工业大学经济与管理学院,湖北武汉,430068;华南理工大学工商管理学院,广东广州,510640 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家社会科学基金年度项目（18BGL028，2018-2021）。 |
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| 摘 要： | 在区域间合作创新中，守门人扮演着知识吸收和传递的重要角色。结合多维邻近性理论，本研究采用社会网络分析法构建创新网络中守门人的识别框架和贡献度模型。在此基础上通过采集1985-2017年我国电信领域的合作专利数据，对九大城市群之间的创新网络进行守门人识别和贡献度测量，并分析守门人角色构成、内外部联系特征及贡献度大小之间的关联。研究结果显示：1）不同城市群在守门人数量、内外部联系强度方面均表现出显著差别；2）产学研不同角色的守门人贡献度差异显著，多数城市群的高校守门人对其所在城市群具有更大的贡献；3）尽管区域本身在地理位置和产业结构等方面的特殊性会影响守门人的贡献度，但通过对几大类城市群的数据分析表明--双向活跃型或外向活跃型的守门人，对区域间合作创新发挥着更为显著的效用。
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| 关 键 词： | 创新网络 守门人 区域比较 电信领域 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018-10-09 |
| 修稿时间： | 2019-03-27 |
A comparative study of the area of innovation network gatekeeper: Taking the field of telecommunications as an example |
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| Dai Yong,Wang Shihui.A comparative study of the area of innovation network gatekeeper: Taking the field of telecommunications as an example[J].Science Research Management,2019,40(7):106-118. |
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| Authors: | Dai Yong Wang Shihui |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Economics and Management, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, Hubei, China;;
2. School of Business Administration, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China |
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| Abstract: | With the in-depth development of open innovation practices, collaboration has become the primary means by which organizations and regions seek new technologies and knowledge, but organizational or regional boundaries often become key factors that constrain innovation synergies. In this case, the gatekeeper usually plays an important role in the absorption and transmission of knowledge. This paper firstly adopts the combination of multidimensional proximity theory and social network analysis method of cooperative innovation network, selects the telecom field as the specific research object, and collects the cooperation between the nine major urban groups by collecting the cooperation patent data of China’s telecommunications field from 1985 to 2017. The cooperative innovation network performs layered processing, constructs the gatekeeper recognition model, and re-characterizes the gatekeeper structure. Secondly, a measurement model is constructed to quantify the contribution of the gatekeeper. Thirdly, through cluster analysis and comparison, the method of analysis explores the relationship between the role of gatekeepers in different regions, the characteristics of internal and external links, and the degree of contribution. Based on the above research, this paper finally provides several regional policy recommendations.
The empirical results show that: (1) There are a certain number of gatekeepers in the nine major urban agglomerations in China, and the gatekeepers have a more balanced distribution ratio in their respective urban agglomerations. By analyzing the quantity and the strength of internal and external connections, it is found that the gatekeepers of different urban groups differ greatly in these two aspects. It can be seen that there is no necessary connection between the status of the gatekeepers in each urban agglomeration and the level of economic development. Therefore, it is still necessary to comprehensively consider the type characteristics of the gatekeepers themselves and make final choices according to the actual conditions of each region; (2) The degree of gatekeepers contribution varies according to the specific conditions of the urban agglomeration, but in terms of role composition, most of the contributors in most urban agglomerations are colleges and universities. In other urban agglomerations other than Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, the type of gatekeepers and the mode of contribution are relatively simple. Except for the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration, the others are university-led. Relatively, the types of gatekeepers and contribution models of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration are more diversified. In addition to colleges and universities, some enterprises and scientific research institutions have made great contributions to the urban agglomeration as gatekeepers; (3) the contribution index of two-way active and outward-active gatekeepers in contributing to the cooperation and innovation of urban agglomerations is the highest. However, due to the differences in geographic location and development planning of various urban agglomerations, it will also indirectly affect the contribution of gatekeepers within the group. After exploring the types and contributions of gatekeepers in the three types of urban agglomerations, it is found that gatekeepers with high external contact strength or balanced internal and external contact strengths play a more significant role in the collaborative innovation activities between the subjects within the urban group and the external entities.
The theoretical contributions of this research are as follows: firstly, the geographic proximity and cognitive proximity are embedded into the social network analysis, and the gatekeeper recognition model is constructed. Based on the multidimensional proximity, the cooperative innovation network is rationally layered. Through the combination of multi-layer sub-network interaction and intermediary centrality, this study improved the single judgment method for the gatekeeper, making the gatekeeper’s identification method more comprehensive and scientific; Secondly, according to the difference of the proportion of internal and external connections, the difference of the gatekeeper’s contact characteristics is further explored, and the behavioral characteristics of the three types of gatekeepers: outward-looking, two-way active and inward-active are defined. Combined with the roles of universities, enterprises, scientific research institutions, governments and related institutions, the types of gatekeepers are divided into multiple dimensions and in more detail. Thirdly, this study constructs the gatekeeper contribution measurement model, and describes the gatekeeper type and contribution index between different regions through cluster analysis, and compares the specific reasons why the gatekeeper’s contribution differs due to the development level of the urban agglomeration. Finally, although this paper is based on the research on the data of the gatekeepers of the cooperative innovation network in China’s telecom industry, the methods and ideas adopted in the paper can also be transplanted and copied to gatekeepers or intermediaries of the regional cooperative innovation network in other industries.
The practical significance of this research is that the study of regional gatekeepers can provide practical reference for government management organizations or policy research institutions in different regions and clusters, namely: how to cultivate and develop future types of gatekeepers who are more suitable for the development of regional or cluster innovation networks to improve the contribution of gatekeepers to regional innovation? First of all, the gatekeeper is the hub for establishing cooperative and innovative relationships between regions or clusters. When building a cooperative innovation network, the proportion of gatekeepers can be increased according to actual conditions. Secondly, each region or cluster has its own particularity in the speed and path of development. Therefore, the cultivation of the gatekeepers within the group should also be matched to better promote the flow of knowledge between the subject and the external subject, and thus better promote inter-regional cooperation and innovation activities. Thirdly, in the process of forming the gatekeeper’s main body, the balance of the role composition should be enhanced. China is vigorously advocating the collaborative innovation system of enterprises-university-research institute, and the status of enterprises in innovation is increasing. It is necessary to encourage and promote more enterprises to assume the role of the gatekeeper of the regional innovation network, so that while improving their technical capabilities, they can enhance the overall innovation performance of the region by continuously absorbing and transmitting new knowledge from the outside world. |
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| Keywords: | innovation network gatekeeper regional comparison telecommunications field |
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