| 技术创新与企业环境成本——“环境导向”抑或“效率至上”？ |
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| 引用本文： | 亚琨,罗福凯,王京.技术创新与企业环境成本——“环境导向”抑或“效率至上”？[J].科研管理,2022,43(2):27-35. |
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| 作者姓名： | 亚琨 罗福凯 王京 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.山东财经大学 会计学院，山东 济南250000;
2.中国海洋大学 管理学院，山东 青岛266100 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家社科基金项目：“同等保护各类资本产权与促进混合所有制经济的健康发展问题研究” (15BJL021,2015.06—2019.10)；天津市哲学社科规划青年项目：“环境规制、绿色创新与企业碳信息披露研究”（TJGLQN19-005,2019—2022）；教育部人文社科规划项目：“混合股权对企业技术创新及其经济后果影响研究” (18YJC630178,2018.07—2021.06)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 本文以企业创新的环境效益为切入点，选取2009—2016年沪深两市A股上市公司为研究对象，探讨了企业技术创新对环境成本的影响，考察了技术创新的环境导向性，并分析技术创新影响环境成本的作用机理及影响机制。实证结果表明：技术创新显著促进了企业环境成本的下降，在借助工具变量法、双重差分法等控制内生性后，结论依然稳健；且技术创新呈现“环境导向”，与自愿性环境成本相比，技术创新或通过提高企业资源利用率、降低污染物排放等，更有利于强制性环境成本的下降；技术创新对企业环境成本的影响存在异质性，二者之间的负向关系在重污染企业及环境规制程度高的企业中更显著。本文研究不仅丰富了企业创新的环境经济后果检验，验证了创新的环境增益效应，还为企业投资方向选择、社会责任履行和政府环境治理提供了经验证据和决策参考。
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| 关 键 词： | 企业创新 环境成本 强制性环境成本 自愿性环境成本 环境效益 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-11-10 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020-03-11 |
Technological innovation and environmental cost of enterprises——"Environmental Orientation" or "Efficiency First"? |
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| Ya Kun,Luo Fukai,Wang Jing.Technological innovation and environmental cost of enterprises——"Environmental Orientation" or "Efficiency First"?[J].Science Research Management,2022,43(2):27-35. |
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| Authors: | Ya Kun Luo Fukai Wang Jing |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Accountancy, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan 250000, Shandong, China;
2. School of Management, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, China; |
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| Abstract: | Due to the unreasonable division of global value chains, irrational economic structure and imperfect legal system, China′s rapid economic growth is accompanied by increasingly prominent environmental pollution and increasingly severe ecological hazards. How to improve the ecological environment, explore the path of environmental pollution control, has gradually become an important issue for the government to solve. In this context, the government actively advocates to establish a green innovation system, and take innovation as the guide to drive green development. However, enterprises are the important carrier of technological innovation and the backbone of scientific and technological progress and economic development. Although China′s scientific and technological innovation level and innovation investment have been significantly improved in recent years, and China has gradually entered the forefront of the world, research shows that enterprises are still the main producers and emitters of environmental pollutants. Therefore, whether the technological innovation of enterprises presents the characteristics of environmental friendliness, and whether the development of enterprise innovation activities contributes to the improvement of enterprise environmental benefits and environmental governance has become a new topic of academic concern.
In view of the gradual internalization of environmental cost, environmental cost has become the most direct means to measure the environmental protection level and pollution control level of enterprises. Based on the sample of Chinese public listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2009 to 2016, this paper discusses the impact of technological innovation on the environmental cost of enterprises, examines the environmental orientation of technological innovation, and analyzes the mechanism and influence mechanism of technological innovation on the environmental cost of enterprises. Empirical results show that technological innovation significantly promotes the reduction of enterprise environmental costs, and compared with voluntary environmental costs, technological innovation is more conducive to the reduction of mandatory environmental costs. After controlling the impact of endogenous problems, this conclusion is still stable. Further research shows that the impact of technological innovation on enterprise environmental cost is heterogeneous, and the negative relationship between the technological innovation and enterprise environmental cost is more significant in state-owned enterprises, high-polluting enterprises, enterprises with higher degree of environmental regulation and lower degree of financing constraint.In addition, the conclusion of this paper is still robust after using the double difference method, instrumental variable method and other robustness tests to alleviate the endogenous problem. This study verifies the environmental orientation of technological innovation and provides empirical evidence and reference for enterprises to choose investment direction, fulfill social responsibility and government environmental governance.
According to the previous analysis, we put forward relevant countermeasures and suggestions:
Firstly, we should enhance the consciousness of enterprise innovation and environmental protection, encourage enterprises to make environmentally friendly green innovations, and promote the transformation of enterprises environmental behavior from negative end management to positive front prevention. It should give full play to the "gain" effect of green innovation, and effectively promote enterprises to improve unit energy efficiency, reduce energy consumption, reduce the emission of environmental pollutants, and thus promote the reduction of enterprise environmental costs and even production costs.
Secondly, it should strengthen the environmental regulation intensity of the government and the public′s, and the appropriate environmental regulation is conducive to promote the enterprise to carry out innovation. With the increase of government environmental regulation intensity, the cost of enterprises′ compliance with policies and regulations increases. And when the marginal costs brought by the enterprise′s production and operation activities exceed its marginal benefits, it will prompt the enterprise to reduce the environmental costs through technological innovation. At the same time, with the increasing attention of the public and media to environmental problems, fulfilling social responsibility actively has become the key to the long-term development of enterprises. Therefore, informal environmental regulation will also help enterprises to carry out innovation activities, thus reducing the costs of enterprises.
Thirdly, it is necessary to strengthen environmental supervision to "take the right medicine to the case", take full account of the heterogeneity of enterprise pollution degree and give play to the flexibility of regulatory policies. We will strengthen mandatory environmental supervision over heavy polluting enterprises, promote the transformation and upgrading of heavy polluting enterprises, and encourage non-heavy polluting enterprises to update their emission reduction technologies. At the same time, the government and financial institutions need to strengthen the environmental investment policy. Through government subsidies for environmental protection and green financial business of financial institutions, we can alleviate the capital pressure and financing constraints faced by enterprises in carrying out innovation and environmental protection activities.
The contribution of this paper is embodied in the following aspects. Firstly, it enriches the economic consequence test of technological innovation. This paper, guided by the impact of innovation on enterprise environmental costs, discusses the environmental and economic consequences of enterprise innovation. It further deepens the understanding of enterprise innovation, and provides decision-making reference for enterprises to fulfill environmental protection responsibilities and governments to carry out environmental governance. Secondly, it broadens the quantitative thinking of environmental cost and analyzes the action path of enterprise innovation on environmental costs. Based on the motivation of enterprise′s environmental behavior, we subdivide enterprise environmental costs into mandatory environmental costs and voluntary environmental costs, and further confirm that enterprise innovation mainly promotes the reduction of the total environment costs by influencing mandatory environmental cost. To some extent, it verifies the "environmental orientation" of enterprise innovation, and makes the path of enterprise innovation affecting environmental costs clearer. Thirdly, it further explored the possible ways for enterprises to improve environmental performance and environmental protection level. From the perspective of micro enterprises, we verify the positive impact of technological innovation on reducing environmental costs by improving resource utilization and reducing pollution emission level. Then it provides micro enterprise evidence for the implementation of innovation-led green development strategy and the choice of investment direction. Lastly, it expands the research depth of the impact of enterprise innovation on environmental cost, and provides empirical evidence of the heterogeneous impact of enterprise innovation on environmental costs. And it provides empirical enlightenment for the development of environmental behavior of enterprises with different pollution degree and environmental regulation intensity. |
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| Keywords: | enterprise innovation environmental cost mandatory environmental cost voluntary environmental cost environmental benefit |
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