| 基于ISM的新型研发机构影响因素分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 毛义华,曹家栋,方燕翎.基于ISM的新型研发机构影响因素分析[J].科研管理,2022,43(8):55-62. |
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| 作者姓名： | 毛义华 曹家栋 方燕翎 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.浙江大学 建筑工程学院，浙江 杭州310058;
2.浙江大学滨海产业技术研究院，天津300301 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金面上项目：“全面创新能力的形成原理和提升机制研究”(71572177，2016.01—2019.12)；天津市科协重点决策咨询课题：“新型研发机构建设与发展现状调研”(TJSKXJCZX201909，2019.10—2020.09）；滨海新区科协科技创新智库课题：“新型研发机构创新绩效影响因素研究”(2019.10—2020.09）。 |
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| 摘 要： | 新型研发机构作为国家实施创新驱动发展战略的重要载体，是高校、科研院所科研成果产业化的孵化器、加速器。近年来各省份涌现了一大批新型研发机构，然而绝大多数还处于建设发展的摸索阶段，面临着体制机制障碍、资源整合能力弱等多方面问题，成效未达预期。本文综合文献以及专家访谈梳理出新型研发机构建设发展的影响因素，运用解释结构模型（英文简写为ISM）分析各影响因素之间的复杂关系并使之条理化和层次化，提出发展基础、机制支撑、辅助保障、直接依赖四个层次的新型研发机构运行机理。结果表明：新型研发机构的建设发展以场地、设备、人才、知识产权为直接依赖，以建设定位、区域环境、资源整合、政府资金、组织体制、成果成熟度为发展基础，以风险控制机制、项目孵化机制、成果转化机制、市场收益分配机制为机制支撑，以政策支持、产业基金、知识协同、平台建设为辅助保障。本文丰富和拓展了新型研发机构建设发展影响因素相关的理论研究，为机构建设发展能力的提升提供了实践指导。
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| 关 键 词： | 新型研发机构 解释结构模型（ISM） 关键因素 运行机理 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-09-01 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020-02-26 |
An analysis of the influencing factors of new R&D institutions based on ISM |
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| Mao Yihua,Cao Jiadong,Fang Yanling.An analysis of the influencing factors of new R&D institutions based on ISM[J].Science Research Management,2022,43(8):55-62. |
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| Authors: | Mao Yihua Cao Jiadong Fang Yanling |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China;
2. Binhai Industrial Technology Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Tianjin 300301, China; |
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| Abstract: | The new R&D institution is a new model of collaborative innovation of "government, industry, study, research and implement". It refers to the establishment of one or more entities, diversified models, the operation of an enterprise-oriented mechanism, and market-oriented operations. It is mainly engaged in R&D, incubation and achievement transformation activities. Driven by the government, universities, research institutes and enterprises have actively participated in the establishment of a large number of new R&D institutions. The construction of new R&D institutions, as the basic conditions for carrying out technological innovation and realizing scientific and technological progress, occupies an extremely important position in the construction of the innovation system. It has gradually become a new type of industry-university-research collaborative innovation platform that relies on scientific and technological innovation to transform the economic growth mode and adjust the industrial structure.
However, the construction, operation and management of new R&D institutions are mostly at the exploration stage. In the process of construction and development, they still face many problems such as ideology, development orientation, construction mode, and mechanism. The emergence of various problems such as imperfect operating mechanisms, unclear institutional positioning, limited capital investment, unclear division of labor among multiple entities, and inappropriate organizational forms make it difficult for all parties to co-build to realize their original intentions and needs, and the results achieved are not significant. The organization′s operation is blocked and its development is restricted. At present, scholars have studied the influencing factors of new R&D institutions, but few scholars have studied the relationship between various influencing factors, and have not done research on the operation mechanism of the construction and development of new R&D institutions.
In this paper, the CNKI search route is set to "theme" as "new research and development institution" or "Industrial Technology Research Institute" or "Industrial Technology Research Institute". The publication time is selected from 2008 to 2019. The main criteria are the amount of data and the number of downloads, and 43 effective literatures are screened. Through reading, the preliminary influencing factors are screened out. Through expert interviews and industry interviews, the factors were summarized, combined, and arranged to extract the final new R&D institution construction and development influencing factors, a total of 18.
Based on the Interpretation Structure Model, this paper investigates and interviews the relationships between various influencing factors, summarizes the interview results, and finally forms a two-element adjacency matrix, and calculates the corresponding reachability matrix in Matlab. In this paper, the relationship between reachable set R, antecedent set A, and common set T is collated, and it is concluded that the factors affecting the construction of new R&D institutions are divided into four levels. The influencing factors at the first level are 4 factors: R&D and industrialization sites, R&D equipment, intellectual property protection, technology and management talents. The influencing factors at the second level are 5 factors: the innovation platform construction, the achievement transformation mechanism, the project incubation mechanism, the market-based revenue distribution mechanism, and the risk control mechanism. The influencing factors at the third level are 6 factors: government funding support, organizational system, maturity of scientific and technological achievements, knowledge coordination, policy support, and industrial funds. The influencing factors at the fourth level are 3 factors: regional environment, resource integration and allocation, and construction positioning.
Based on the hierarchical relationship structure, this paper sorts out the operation mechanism of the new R&D institution, directly relies on the site, equipment, talents, and intellectual property rights. It builds on the development positioning, regional environment, resource integration, government funding, organizational system, and maturity of results. New R&D institution is supported by risk control mechanism, project incubation mechanism, achievement transformation mechanism, and market revenue distribution mechanism. What′ more, it is supplemented by policy support, industrial funds, knowledge collaboration, and platform construction. The development of the organization depends on the four main bodies of society, government, enterprises and universities. The mutual coordination and information flow of the five are necessary conditions for improving the participation of the main body. Through the main body participation, environmental support, and mechanism support, priority is given to ensuring direct dependence and efforts. Consolidating the foundation for development and strengthening the support and support of mechanisms in parallel can effectively promote the development of new R&D institutions, which is of great strategic significance for the country to implement an innovation-driven development strategy, promote industrial transformation and upgrading, and regional economic growth.
This paper suggests that new R&D institutions need to improve their ability to integrate resources, clearly define their positioning, promote knowledge coordination, build a modular knowledge system, leverage financial capital, and support the transformation of scientific and technological achievements so that it promotes the construction and development of new R&D institutions much better. |
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| Keywords: | new R&D institutions interpretation structure model (ISM) key factor operating mechanism |
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