| 转化医学的科研组织模式研究——以德国为例 |
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| 引用本文： | 李玲,葛春雷.转化医学的科研组织模式研究——以德国为例[J].科研管理,2022,43(8):129-139. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李玲 葛春雷 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院，北京100190；
2.中国科学院大学公共政策与管理学院，北京100049；
3.北京市科学技术研究院创新发展战略研究所，北京100089 |
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| 摘 要： | 转化医学致力于促进基础研究与临床间的双向转化，促进医学的整体发展，提升人民生命健康水平，在国际医学研究中已占据了重要地位。我国发展转化医学还处于探索阶段，构建适宜转化医学的组织模式是亟须解决的问题，需要借鉴国外的成功经验。本文通过文献分析和案例分析的方法，在明确转化医学概念以及转化医学在医学创新链上位置的基础上，以德国健康研究中心、柏林健康研究所两类代表性转化医学机构为例，从组织管理架构、科研活动模式、经费资助模式、评价模式四个维度，深入分析联盟和单体机构两种模式的特征与优势。研究表明德国的两类转化医学机构具有不同的特点，但也具有一些共性：内部治理结构完整有效；科研活动遵循促成不同人员、不同转化环节协作的原则；经费主要来自政府资助，私人基金为重要补充；建立了突出转化医学特点的评价指标体系等。借鉴德国经验，本文从国家分类统筹、管理架构、人员合作、基础设施经费支持和评价机制等几个方面提出推进我国转化医学机构建设的若干建议。
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| 关 键 词： | 转化医学 科研组织模式 德国 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-10-21 |
| 修稿时间： | 2021-04-08 |
A study of the research organization mode of translational medicine by taking Germany as an example |
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| Li Ling,Ge Chunlei.A study of the research organization mode of translational medicine by taking Germany as an example[J].Science Research Management,2022,43(8):129-139. |
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| Authors: | Li Ling Ge Chunlei |
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| Institution: | 1. Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
2. School of Public Policy and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
3. Institute of Innovation Development Strategies, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100089, China; |
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| Abstract: | Translational medicine is committed to promoting the two-way translation between basic research and clinical application, promoting the overall development of medicine and improving people′s health level. It has occupied an important position in medical research in the world. But the development of translational medicine in China is still in the exploratory stage, and how to establish the research organization modes suitable for translational medicine is still an urgent question to be solved, and successful practices of other countries would be worth learning. This paper focuses on the German research organization modes of translational medicine through literature analysis and case study.
This paper defines translational medicine concept and its role in medical innovation chain. Translational medicine acts as an umbrella bringing together basic and clinical research and encompasses numerous disciplines such as preclinical and clinical trial studies and is the bridge to fill up gaps between different stages of medical innovation chain. Around the world, some new institutions have been established as new modes to promote the development of translational medicine, such as National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of USA, National Institute for Health Research of UK, and German Centres for Health Research. As there have been quite a lot of studies about practices of USA and UK, Germany has not got much attention.
This paper takes German Centres for Health Research and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) as examples, which are representatives of alliance mode and entity organization mode. The characteristics and advantages of the two modes are discussed in-depth from four aspects, which are organization management structure, research activities pattern, funding pattern and evaluation mode. It could be found that German Centres for Health Research′s power and responsibility are relatively dispersed in the management structure and a "working group & working site" hierarchical structure is adopted to organize its R&D activities. Besides, both stability and flexibility are taken into account in the process of budget allocation and they have set up an assessment index comprised by short-term indicators and medium and long-term indicators. As an entity organization established by Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) and Charité - Universit tsmedizin Berlin, BIH′s management power and responsibility are concentrated compared to German Centres for Health Research. Its R&D activities are organized across departments, and it has three kinds of fund resources, which support research areas adjusted by talents recruited. For the evaluation, BIH has designed a set of indicators covering the whole chain of translational medicine.
Based on the comparison of the two modes of translational medicine organization in Germany, it shows that although the two modes have different characteristics, they also have some commonalities: the internal governance structure is complete and effective; research and development activities are organized following the principle of facilitating the cooperation between different personnel and different translation stages; government takes the role of main funder with the supplementary of private funds; fund is invested in not only kinds of R&D projects, but also infrastructure construction and talents development; evaluation index system has been established that reflects the characteristics of translational medicine.
Finally, combined with our national conditions, this paper puts forward some feasible suggestions to support the construction of translational medicine institutions in China, which include to construct translation institutions by category with a national overall planning; encourage those institutions to apply new management structure; accelerate the cooperation between basic science researchers and clinicians, clinical scientists; enhance the supplement of infrastructure of translational medicine; adopt a mixed funding mechanism that combines stable support and competitive support; and establish a new evaluation system oriented to translational research and talents. |
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| Keywords: | translational medicine research organization mode Germany |
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