| 新型研发机构中产学研深度融合——体制机制创新的密码 |
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| 引用本文： | 章芬,原长弘,郭建路.新型研发机构中产学研深度融合——体制机制创新的密码[J].科研管理,2021,42(11):43-53. |
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| 作者姓名： | 章芬 原长弘 郭建路 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.西安交通大学公共政策与管理学院，陕西 西安710049；
2.西安交通大学管理学院，陕西 西安710049；
3.江苏省产业技术研究院，江苏 南京210042 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（71572141,2016.01—2019.12）；陕西省社科基金项目（2021R034，2021.09—2023.09）；陕西省软科学研究计划重点项目（2016KRZ004,2016.05—2017.04）。 |
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| 摘 要： | 党的十九大提出要建立以企业为主体、市场为导向、产学研深度融合的技术创新体系。然而，新型研发机构如何促进产学研深度融合是当今重要而又缺乏探究的新课题。本文以新型研发机构的典范江苏省产业技术研究院为研究对象，运用探索式案例深入探讨了新型研发机构如何通过体制机制创新促进产学研深度融合的过程，剖析了体制机制创新的关键密码，并提出了相应的理论命题。本文开启了新型研发机构体制机制创新的探索，拓展了产学研融合的理论和实证研究。
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| 关 键 词： | 产学研深度融合 新型研发机构 体制机制创新 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018-11-13 |
| 修稿时间： | 2019-04-23 |
Deep integration of industry,university and research in new R&D institutions: The password of institutional mechanism innovation |
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| Zhang Fen,Yuan Changhong,Guo Jianlu.Deep integration of industry,university and research in new R&D institutions: The password of institutional mechanism innovation[J].Science Research Management,2021,42(11):43-53. |
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| Authors: | Zhang Fen Yuan Changhong Guo Jianlu |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi′an Jiaotong University, Xi′an 710049, Shaanxi, China;
2. School of Management, Xi′an Jiaotong University, Xi′an 710049, Shaanxi, China;
3. Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Institute, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China; |
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| Abstract: | The Nineteenth People′s Congress proposed to deepen the reformation of scientific and technological system and establish a technological innovation system based on enterprises as the main body, market orientation, and the deep integration of industry-university-research (IUR). Nowadays, IUR needs to make further progress towards deep integration. The traditional boundaries of basic research, applied research, technology development and industrialization have become blurred, the chain of scientific and technological innovation has become more flexible, which is urgent to break through the old organizational form. The new R&D institution takes forward-looking technology, industry common technology and key technology as the research object, aiming at promoting industrialization of advanced technology and upgrading industrial structure level, has diversified investment subjects, international construction mode and so on, which is a independent legislator organization including service about innovation, capital, entrepreneurship incubation and technology intermediary. The new R&D institutions has promoted the negotiation of research institute and market, and became more and more important in developing regional innovation and the development of strategic emerging industries. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to deeply study how the new R&D institutions promote the deep integration of IUR through institutional mechanism innovation process, which is an important and new topic lacking of exploration.
This paper takes Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Institute as the research object, uses exploratory cases to discuss how new R&D institutions can promote the process of IUR deep integration, analyses the key passwords of institutional mechanism innovation, and puts forward corresponding theoretical propositions. Here we take JITRI as an example for several reasons: JITRI as a typical successful case in the whole country, the scope and intensity of the reform have been widely recognized by the major media and inspected by the national leaders, and it is the model and template of institutional mechanism innovation. In addition, we have maintained close cooperation with JITRI, through the JITRI field survey and telephone survey, we have obtained abundant first-hand information and internal information, thus established data reliability.
The conclusions of this study are as follows: new R&D institutions play an important role in deepening institutional reform and promoting the deep integration of IUR. First, in the initial stage of institutional mechanism innovation, funded by the government and focus on industrial technology research and development, not competing with universities for academic reputation, not competing with enterprises for product benefits is a breakthrough point of new R&D to stimulate institutional mechanism innovation. Second, in the process of system innovation, implementing the "university operation mechanism" and "market operation mechanism" at the same time can fully motivate scientific researchers, which is key to institutional mechanism innovation and promote IUR integration. Third, the establishment of contract scientific research evaluation mechanism without examining papers and patents but assessing the ability to serve enterprises is the catalyst for institutional mechanism innovation. Fourth, focusing on market orientation, public welfare function and enterprise working, and established to have the development mode of market orientation and public welfare functions is necessary for new R&D institutions. Fifth, market-oriented global recruitment of professional leaders, organization and implementation of integrated innovation projects, implementation of the "project manager mechanism" of the employment mechanism are major measures of institutional innovation of new R&D institutions. Sixth, implementing "equity incentive system", let professional research institutes have ownership and disposal rights of scientific achievements, enable technological personnel to enjoy more benefits of technological appreciation through equity gains, options and other means is an important driving force for institutional mechanism innovation and UIR integration. Seventh, the implementation of cross-regional and cross-border global resource integration on resource integration is an important guarantee for new R&D institutions′ institutional mechanism innovation. At last, the construction of an innovative ecology to promote the R&D and transformation of characteristic industries in the province, which supports the layout of "one region, one strategic industry" in the whole province, is the key for the institutional mechanism innovation process and thus can promote the IUR deep integration.
The contributions of this study are as follows: First, taking JITRI as the research object, deeply researched the key codes during the process of promoting the integration of IUR of the new R&D institutions in transitional condition in China. Through the analysis of typical new R&D institutions, based on extensive and detailed second-hand information and first-hand interview data, the paper summarizes the key codes of institutional mechanism innovation, offsets the shortage of lack of practical and theoretical analysis in this area to some degree. Second, using exploratory case study method, this paper incorporates the unique institutional environment factors in China into the process of institutional mechanism innovation and shows the actual situation of the integration of IUR through case. We summarize the key points of institutional mechanism innovation from the perspective of institutional theory and triple helix theory, which will help to enhance the understanding of how institutional mechanism innovation can promote the IUR deep integration and enrich the connotation of institutional theory and triple helix theory.
From the practice perspective, this paper puts forward the key codes for the R&D institutions to promote the IUR deep integration, which has distinct enlightenment for the new R&D institutions: first, as newly emerging R&D organizations, they should change the traditional institutional mechanism and insist on the principle of deepening the reform of science and technology system and establishing the principle of technology innovation system with enterprise as the main body, market-oriented and deep integration of IUR institutes, and further explored development mode, management system, operation mechanism and collaborative innovation for the purpose of promoting the deep integration of IUR deep integration. Second, the government plays an extremely important role in the institutional reform of new R&D institutions, timely financial and governmental support can help promoting UIR integration. Last but not least, talent is the key during the process of institutional mechanism innovation, and adopting appropriate incentive policies can fully mobilize the enthusiasm of scientific researchers, which is conducive to the deep integration of IUR. |
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| Keywords: | industry-university-research deep integration new R&D institutions institutional mechanism innovation |
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