| 美国国家实验室治理机制研究———以能源部国家实验室为例 |
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| 引用本文： | 美国国家实验室治理机制研究———以能源部国家实验室为例.美国国家实验室治理机制研究———以能源部国家实验室为例[J].科学学研究,2022,40(9):1668-1677. |
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| 作者姓名： | 美国国家实验室治理机制研究———以能源部国家实验室为例 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中国科学院大学;2. 中国科学院大学公共政策与管理学院; |
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| 摘 要： | 美国联邦政府资助科学发展的基本模式包括以国家实验室系统为主的集中管理和资助模式，和以科学基金为主的自由探索科学研究资助模式。国家实验室系统是联邦政府资助科学的主要渠道，国家实验室以任务导向研究为主，服务国家需求为目的。大部分国家实验室采用“政府所有、合同运营”治理模式，主要涉及联邦主管机构、国家实验室和合同承包商三方主体间关系。国家实验室的管理制度是围绕联邦主管部门的监管要求及研究任务开展的需求进行设计的，核心制度（以能源部为例）包括财政资金的拨付及资助形式、实验室战略与联邦主管机构的协同、M&O合同机制、承包商PEMP绩效考核机制、承包商保证系统制度设立以及监管部门的评估问责制度。
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| 收稿时间： | 2021-04-07 |
Research on Governance Mechanism of American National Laboratory ——Take the National Laboratory of the Ministry of Energy as an Example |
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| Abstract: | The basic mode of funding scientific development by the US federal government includes a centralized management and funding mode based on the national laboratory system, and a free exploration scientific research funding mode based on science funds. The national laboratory system is the main channel for the federal government to fund science. National laboratories focus on task-oriented research and serve the needs of the country. Most national laboratories adopt the "government-owned, contract-operated" governance model, which mainly involves the relationship between the federal competent agency, national laboratories, and contractors. The management system of national laboratories is designed around the regulatory requirements of the federal competent authorities and the needs of research tasks. The core system (take the Ministry of Energy as an example) includes the allocation of financial funds and funding forms, laboratory strategies and the requirements of the federal competent agencies. Collaboration, M&O contract mechanism, contractor’s PEMP performance appraisal mechanism, contractor guarantee system establishment, and the evaluation and accountability system of the supervisory authority. |
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