| 拉萨河流域湿地系统景观格局多尺度分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 王春连,张镱锂,王兆锋,摆万奇.拉萨河流域湿地系统景观格局多尺度分析[J].资源科学,2010,32(9):1634-1642. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王春连 张镱锂 王兆锋 摆万奇 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京,100101;中国科学院研究生院,北京,100049
2. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京,100101 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家科技支撑计划项目(编号：2007BAC06B03);国家重点基础研究发展计划(编号：2005CB422000) 。 |
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| 摘 要： | 以2006年中巴遥感影像为数据源提取拉萨河流域湿地类型矢量数据,在此基础上计算湿地景观格局指数。在ArcGIS支持下,基于景观类型、生态系统类型和地貌区3个不同尺度开展湿地景观格局分析。结果表明:不同尺度的湿地景观格局特征不同,高寒草甸湿地景观是流域湿地基质景观,占湿地总面积的77.74%。藏北嵩草沼泽草甸是高原湿地的核心生态系统类型(占65.45%),其斑块面积、斑块数目、斑块密度、斑块形状指数、斑块的聚散程度等景观指数都具有极大值。河源区湿地类型简单,仅5种,斑块破碎度较高。河谷区湿地景观类型丰富(13种),景观多样性指数最大(1.841),生态系统稳定性较弱。当雄盆地区优势度指数最大(1.288),以藏北嵩草沼泽草甸为主,分布较集中,抗干扰能力较强。
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| 关 键 词： | 拉萨河流域 高寒湿地 景观特征 地貌分区 |
Analysis of Landscape Characteristics of the Wetland
Systems in the Lhasa River Basin |
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| WANG Chunlian,ZHANG Yili,WANG Zhaofeng and BAI Wanqi.Analysis of Landscape Characteristics of the Wetland
Systems in the Lhasa River Basin[J].Resources Science,2010,32(9):1634-1642. |
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| Authors: | WANG Chunlian ZHANG Yili WANG Zhaofeng and BAI Wanqi |
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| Institution: | Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China;Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China |
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| Abstract: | Alpine wetlands are unique natural ecosystems, showing a variety of functions like
conserving water and regulating climate. In terms of domestic and foreign studies regarding
wetland classification and wetland characteristics of the Lhasa River, the wetland system there is
divided into six landscape types and 13 ecosystem types. On the basis of geography, ecology and
spatial analysis in conjunction with data collected from field observations and China-Brazil Earth
Resources Satellite (CBERS) images acquired in 2006, the wetland database for the study site was
constructed. Then wetland landscape indexes, like patch size/density, patch shape, aggregation/
dispersion and diversity were calculated. Wetland landscape characteristics at three scales,
landscape, ecosystem and geomorphologic region, were analyzed by means of ArcGIS. Results
indicate that landscape characteristics differ greatly at the three scales. The total wetland area was
estimated to be 209 000 hm2, accounting for 6.37% of the total land area. At the landscape scale,
alpine meadow landscape is landscape matrices of alpine wetland, accounting for roughly 77.74%
of the total wetland area. The contribution rate of open water wetland landscape was found to be
15.56% . Grass marsh and shrub wetland areas are relatively smaller, showing a discrete
distribution. The contribution rates of beach and forest wetlands are generally lower. At the
ecosystem scale, Kobresia littledalei meadow community is the core plant community type of
alpine wetland, accounting for around 65.45%. Its landscape indexes such as patches area, patches
number, patches density, patches shape indexes and patches contact indexes show the biggest
values. At the region scale, it was found that there are different landscape characteristics in the
three regions. Over the river source areas, wetland types are simple, showing that Kobresia
littledalei swamped meadow is a major wetland landscape, and patch fragmentation is high. In the
river valley, wetland type is the richest, showing the largest landscape diversity index of 1.841. Wet
meadow and river wetlands are dominant wetland landscapes with a mosaic distribution. The
region is affected by human activities and agricultural/pasture production, thereby resulting in a
weak stability of ecosystems. In the Damshung basin, there are 5 wetland types with the biggest
dominance index and evenness index. Kobresia littledalei swamped meadow is still a major
wetland type with a stronger stability of ecosystems. |
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| Keywords: | Lhasa river basin Alpine wetland Landscape characteristic Geomorphologic region |
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