| 不同节水措施下宁夏水资源利用的经济效益分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 秦长海,赵勇.不同节水措施下宁夏水资源利用的经济效益分析[J].资源科学,2008,30(8):1135-1140. |
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| 作者姓名： | 秦长海 赵勇 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国水利水电科学研究院 水资源研究所，北京 100044;中国水利水电科学研究院 水资源研究所，北京 100044 |
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| 基金项目： | 科技部西部开发重大项目：“宁夏经济生态系统水资源合理配置研究”（编号：2004BA901A17）；国家973项目课题（编号：2006CB403406）。 |
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| 摘 要： | 常规的节水效益评价方法只能分析节水措施对行业内部产出及用水效果的影响，不能就节水对全行业和整个国民经济的客观影响做出合理的评价，反映不出水资源对国民经济发展的约束作用，根据目前区域节水宏观效益评价方法的不足，开发了水资源消耗投入产出模型。模型以国民经济各部门生产过程中的产业关联性为基础，以行业用水过程中的竞争性为约束，将水资源消耗量作为水量控制指标，以宁夏为研究区开展了实例研究，分析了节水措施下各产业的水资源消耗量以及用水效益响应，并就节水对区域经济系统宏观影响进行了客观的评价，同时根据响应结果对各种节水措施的作用进行了分析。评价方法为合理评价水资源利用及节水过程中水与国民经济的关系、分析节水措施对国民经济发展的促进作用、研究不同节水措施下的国民经济结构提供了理论手段；评价结果对研究区制定合理的节水措施和节水投资方案，对提高地区的水资源利用的宏观效益具有一定的指导意义。
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| 关 键 词： | 水资源消耗 投入产出 节水 宏观效益 |
Macroscopic Water Resource Benefits due to Water Conservation Measures |
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| QIN Chang-hai and ZHAO Yong.Macroscopic Water Resource Benefits due to Water Conservation Measures[J].Resources Science,2008,30(8):1135-1140. |
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| Authors: | QIN Chang-hai and ZHAO Yong |
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| Abstract: | Due to China's current water shortage, water conservation is one of the most important measures for improving the efficient and sustainable use of water resources. Traditional assessment methods can only analyze the effect of water conservation within the sector, and do not evaluate national economic factors impacted by water conservation activities. In order to value the benefits and efficiency of water conservation activities, it is necessary to develop new methods. Since current methods are insufficient for valuing the macroscopic benefits of water conservation measures, we developed an input-output model of water consumption for a case study in Ningxia. Due to the competition for water use in industrial production processes in the national economy, benefits from water use by other relevant industries and the response of the macro-economic system are analyzed based on the implementation of water conservation measures in one specific sector. The response of water use benefits for each industry and the entire economic system due to water conservation measures is objectively valued. The model adopts control of water consumption as the target, and analyzes the relationship between water consumption and the national economy. It shows that water conservation measures can not only improve the efficiency of water use, but also promote economic development, adding to the benefits from more efficient water use. Of all the water-saving measures we tested, canal system reconstruction is the most important factor for promoting national economic development. Adjustment of crop planting systems is more useful for improving water use efficiency, and water price adjustment and land leveling contribute to water conservation. The best macro-scale benefits can be achieved using a combination of water-saving measures. As water-saving investment increases, the incremental benefits will begin to decline, so the government must regulate water conservation in order to achieve a win-win situation of enhancing water use efficiency and promoting macro-economic development, which will optimize overall benefits. This assessment method is useful for valuing the relationship between water usage and the macro-economy, as well as valuing the efficiency and benefits of water use. The results of this analysis are helpful for establishing rational water conservation measures and investment plans, and it can be adopted to maintain sustainable use of water resources. |
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| Keywords: | Water consumption Input-output Water conservation Large-scale benefit Ningxia |
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