| 流域城市水交易中“保护价格”的计算 |
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| 引用本文： | 张国珍,刘 慧.流域城市水交易中“保护价格”的计算[J].资源科学,2010,32(2):372-379. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张国珍 刘 慧 |
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| 作者单位： | 兰州交通大学环境与市政工程学院,兰州,730070 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家科技支撑计划，国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项，教育部人文社会科学规划项目，兰州市科学技术局项目，甘肃省建设厅项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 从现代产权经济学的角度来看,解决水资源短缺以及污染物排放最为有效的经济手段就是建立完善的水交易市场.本文研究市场机制中水交易的价格,应用环境经济学的相关原理,提出水交易的最低价格——"保护价格"的概念,而后利用模糊数学法、C(费用)-Q(处理规模)-S(等标负荷量)模型以及水污染损失计算模型,分别计算了黄河流域兰州段的工程水价、环境水价、资源水价、污染治理的投资费用以及水污染的经济损失费用,从而得出黄河兰州段"水权交易保护价格"和水污染物"排污权交易保护价格"分别为7.27元/t和0.98元/t,以期提供合理的水交易价格,确保水交易双方能够达到环境与经济双优的效果.
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| 关 键 词： | 流域城市 水交易 保护价格 黄河流域 |
Calculation of Protective Price in Water Trading for Valley Cities |
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| ZHANG Guozhen and LIU Hui.Calculation of Protective Price in Water Trading for Valley Cities[J].Resources Science,2010,32(2):372-379. |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Guozhen and LIU Hui |
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| Abstract: | At present, problems of the basin water environment are very serious, with showing that disorderly construction resulting from urban sprawl in basins cause more and more negative effects on the basin water environment, which has already become an important restriction for economic and social development in China. From the perspective of modern property right economics, the most effective economical way to address water shortage and pollution discharge problems is to establish a perfect water trading market. In the present study, the authors utilized the method of market transactions to reflect the supply-demand relationship between water and its price, and to transform the external problems of water resources and water pollution to a certain degree. In order to address a series of problems arising from cities located in valleys, the authors developed a water trading mechanism for "Valley Cities". In addition, the authors constructed a market platform consisting of water rights trading and water pollution emissions trading. The authors also examined the water trading price in market mechanisms in the light of related principles of economics and put forward the concept of the "Protective Price", which is defined as the minimum price for water trading. According to data from the China Statistical Yearbook, China City Statistical Yearbook, Lanzhou Yearbook, Lanzhou Statistical Yearbook, Report on the State of the Environment in Lanzhou, Lanzhou Water Supply Group and Lanzhou Sewage Treatment Works, the authors took the Lanzhou section of the Yellow River basin as an example, and made use of the fuzzy mathematics, the model of C-Q-S and water pollution losses to calculate water engineering price, water environment price, water resources price, the investment costs of pollution control and the economic losses of water pollution in the study site. The results showed that the protective price in water rights trading and the protective price in water pollution emissions trading were 7.27 Yuan/t and 0.98 Yuan/t, respectively. As a typical valley city, Lanzhou is the only city which the Yellow River flows through in China. The Yellow River flows through the origin of Lanzhou, and is inevitably affected by environment pollution from Lanzhou. The research would provide a basis for establishment of generalized water trading market for valley cities, determination of the reasonable water trading price, making an attempt to achieve the win-win results between the environment and buyers and sellers. This would also provide meaningful reference for optimizing the distribution of water resources in basins, controlling emissions of pollutants, and promoting environmental protection and the harmonious development of the water environment and economy in basins. |
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| Keywords: | Valley city Water trading Protective price Yellow River |
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