| 中国城市水资源利用效率标杆研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 宋国君,何伟.中国城市水资源利用效率标杆研究[J].资源科学,2014,36(12):2569-2577. |
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| 作者姓名： | 宋国君 何伟 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国人民大学环境政策与环境规划研究所, 北京100872;中国人民大学环境政策与环境规划研究所, 北京100872 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国人民大学重大基础研究计划项目(编号:12XNL005). |
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| 摘 要： | 基于正态分布函数特征和影响城市水资源利用效率的客观因素,尝试构建全国地级以上城市总体和分类别的水资源利用效率标杆,结果表明,万元GDP水耗、人均综合水耗、人均生活水耗均服从对数正态分布,万元GDP水耗受客观因素的影响并不明显;人均GDP、二产比重对人均综合水耗影响显著;人均GDP、水资源量对人均生活水耗影响显著。2007-2011年,万元GDP水耗标杆的上、下临界值均呈不断下降趋势,分别由22.33t/万元、39.32t/万元下降到14.39t/万元、23.83t/万元;人均综合水耗标杆上临界值变幅较小,保持在(245.33~253.08)L/(人·日)之间,但下临界值由471.02L/(人·日)缓慢下降到437.58L/(人·日);人均生活水耗标杆上、下临界值变幅较小,分别保持在(85.06~89.51)L/(人·日)和(150.46~157.77)L/(人·日)之间。基于统计参数估算的水资源利用效率标杆是可行的,考虑客观因素的城市分类凸显出水资源利用效率的标杆管理意义。建议建立城市水资源利用效率评估与信息发布机制,将人均水耗指标纳入到水资源利用效率目标管理体系当中,为城市水资源的定量化、精细化、科学化管理提供决策依据。
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| 关 键 词： | 城市水资源 利用效率 标杆 中国 |
| 收稿时间： | 6/8/2014 12:00:00 AM |
Benchmarking of City Water Resource Utilization Efficiency in China |
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| SONG Guojun and HE Wei.Benchmarking of City Water Resource Utilization Efficiency in China[J].Resources Science,2014,36(12):2569-2577. |
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| Authors: | SONG Guojun and HE Wei |
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| Institution: | Institute of Environmental Policy and Environmental Planning, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China;Institute of Environmental Policy and Environmental Planning, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China |
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| Abstract: | Based on normal distribution function characteristics and objective factors affecting city water resource utilization efficiency,here we conducted benchmarking of prefecture-level city water resources utilization efficiency. We found that water consumption per unit GDP(10000 CNY),water consumption per capita and residential living water consumption per capita were subordinated to a normal distribution. The effect on water consumption per unit GDP by objective factors was not obvious. The effect on water consumption per capita by the proportion of secondary industry and GDP per capita was significant and similar to the effect on residential living water consumption per capita by GDP per capita and the amount of water resource. From 2007 to 2011, both lower and higher benchmarking values underwent downward trends from 22.33 to 14.39 tons per 10 000 CNY and from 39.32 to 23.83 tons per 10 000 CNY,respectively. Regarding water consumption per capita,the lower benchmarking values ranged from 245.33 to 253.08 liters per capita per day,while higher values followed a moderate downward trend from 471.02 to 437.58 liters per capita per day. The lower and higher benchmarking values for residential living water consumption per capita changed within a tight range from 85.06 to 89.51 liters per capita per day, and 150.46 to 157.77 liters per capita per day,respectively. Our data indicates that we need to establish information release mechanism regarding the evaluation on city water resources utilization efficiency,and develop indices of water consumption per capita and residential living water consumption per capita into the target management system of water resources utilization efficiency. These measures will provide a decision-making basis for government to manage water resource more scientifically and accurately. |
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| Keywords: | cities water resources utilization efficiency benchmarking China |
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