| 陕西农村剩余劳动力人力资本状况解析 |
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| 引用本文： | 金崇芳.陕西农村剩余劳动力人力资本状况解析[J].资源科学,2012,34(7):1369-1374. |
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| 作者姓名： | 金崇芳 |
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| 作者单位： | 西安财经学院,西安,710061 |
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| 基金项目： | 陕西省科技厅科技计划项目:“陕西农村剩余劳动力人力资本问题研究”(编号:2010KRM87);陕西省科技厅科技计划项目:“陕西省新生代农民工市民化政策的绩效评价及优化研究”(编号:2011KRM66);陕西省教育厅计划项目:“新生代农民工市民化的障碍与对策研究”(编号:2010JK117). |
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| 摘 要： | 从资源经济学角度来看,人力资源的质量,即人力资本,是影响劳动力效率的重要因素。农村剩余劳动力作为我国改革开放以来最重要的人力资源之一,为我国工业化和城市化发展做出了历史性贡献。本文采取耕地劳动比例法对陕西省农村剩余劳动力规模进行了估算,并对陕西农村剩余劳动力人力资本质量现状进行了简单地实证研究。分析显示,陕西农村剩余劳动力在人力资本方面目前主要存在如下问题：①陕西地区存在着大量的农村剩余劳动力,且总体数量呈增长趋势;②农村剩余劳动力人力资本质量较低;③农村剩余劳动力人力资本结构明显不尽合理。因此,改变陕西乃至全国经济过去多年形成的城乡发展不均衡局面,全面提高对农村剩余劳动力人力资本的教育投资,既是体现社会公平、和谐发展的一项主要内容,同时更是实现陕西及全国未来经济可持续健康发展的根本大策。促进陕西经济的发展必须从加强农村教育入手,积极通过公共政策有效提高农村剩余劳动力的健康水平、受教育程度及劳动技能,充分保证农村剩余劳动力的社会基本权利。
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| 关 键 词： | 农村剩余劳动力 人力资本 教育投资 |
Analysis of Human Capital Status of Rural Surplus Labor in Shaanxi Province |
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| JIN Chongfang.Analysis of Human Capital Status of Rural Surplus Labor in Shaanxi Province[J].Resources Science,2012,34(7):1369-1374. |
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| Authors: | JIN Chongfang |
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| Institution: | JIN Chongfang (Xi’an Financial Services Institute, Xi’an 710061, China) |
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| Abstract: | From the view of resource economics, the quality of human resources, that is the manpower capital, is a significant factor that impacts the labor efficiency. As one of the most important human resources since the reform and opening up, rural surplus labor has made historic contribution for industrialization and urbanization of China. However, some practical problems such as low quality human capital and irrational structure also exist. At present, rural surplus labor is the focus point for sustainable development and the key point for facilitating the urbanization process and new rural reconstruction. Essentially the question of human capital not only relates to individual survival and development, but also influences the sustainable development of Chinese society. Since the 1980s, this question has aroused more and more attention from governments of different levels as well as the academic circle. This paper has estimated the scale of rural surplus labor in Shaanxi with proportion method of cultivated land labor and studied the status quo of human capital quality. The results show that there mainly exist the following problems: 1) Lots of rural surplus labors exist in Shaanxi and the total amount is increasing; 2) The quality of human capital of rural surplus labor is relatively low due to the limitation of education degree and labor skills; 3) The human capital structure is not rational. Therefore, increasing educational investment of human capital for rural surplus labor is not only the main content reflecting social justice and harmonious development, but also a fundamental strategy for transforming the unbalanced economic situation formed in the past years in urban and rural areas of Shaanxi and even the whole country, accelerating the transition of surplus labor in Shaanxi, promoting industrialization and urbanization process, and further realizing sustainable and healthy economic development in Shaanxi and even the country in the future. To push forward the economic development of Shaanxi, it is necessary to strengthen education in rural area, improve the health level, education degree and labor technique through public policies so that to ensure the basic social rights of rural surplus labor force. |
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| Keywords: | Rural surplus labor Human capital Educational investment |
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