| 发达国家推动绿色能源发展的历程及启示 |
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| 引用本文： | 郑艳婷,徐利刚.发达国家推动绿色能源发展的历程及启示[J].资源科学,2012,34(10):1855-1863. |
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| 作者姓名： | 郑艳婷 徐利刚 |
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| 作者单位： | 北京师范大学经济与资源管理研究院,北京,100875 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金青年基金项目:“全球化对我国巨型城市区域的空间重塑及其作用机理研究”(批准号:41001094)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 绿色能源被认为是人类第四次技术革命的突破口,全世界高度关注。近年来我国也积极发展绿色能源,尤其在风能、太阳能等领域的投资快速增加,装机容量迅速增长。我国能源呈现出多元化发展的势头,但绿色能源发展仍面临核心技术欠缺、低端产能过剩等问题。20世纪70年代石油危机以来,美国、日本、德国等发达国家长期持续综合运用法律、经济、金融等手段鼓励绿色能源的技术研发、生产和消费,形成了全面支持发展绿色能源的路线图,积累了大量经验,并建立起各自在绿色能源领域的比较优势。本文系统梳理了发达国家推动绿色能源的发展历程和发展状况,展示发达国家绿色能源定位的演化,研究发达国家推动绿色能源发展过程中的典型特征和最新趋势,以期为我国推动绿色能源发展提供借鉴,并与世界发展最新趋势接轨。
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| 关 键 词： | 绿色能源 新能源 可再生能源 清洁能源 发展历程 |
The Process of Developing Green Energy in Developed Countries and Its Lessons |
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| ZHENG Yanting and XU Ligang.The Process of Developing Green Energy in Developed Countries and Its Lessons[J].Resources Science,2012,34(10):1855-1863. |
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| Authors: | ZHENG Yanting and XU Ligang |
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| Institution: | School of Economics and Resource Management, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;School of Economics and Resource Management, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China |
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| Abstract: | Green energy is widely thought as the key for the next technology revolution, which draws the world attention now. China has been positively developing green energy sources and its investment in solar and wind energy domain increasing quickly in recent years, that is why China’s solar and wind installed capacity expanding largely simultaneously. China is heading to a diversified energy usage structure; however, the green energy sector still faces shortage of competitive technology, overproduction of low-efficiency green energy, etc. The developed counties like the United States, Japan and Germany, the United Kingdom have been boosting green energy since the oil crisis in 1970s through the introduction of favorable economic, financing and legal policies for green energy R&D, production and consumption, all of which help them accumulate competitive advantages in specific areas. The developed countries have built a comprehensive supportive system for green energy development, which lay the foundation for their energy production and usage transformation. This paper will review the related policies, development processes and underlying evolution rules and trends of green energy development of advanced countries to give lessons for China’s green energy development. We also plots the development roads of nuclear, hydro, solar, wind, biofuels energy of main developed countries. Statistics show that United States, Japan and Germany lead the world green energy; while China is quickly catching up despite of many problems. In the last, we present suggestions for further development of China’s green energy. We should firstly execute a long-term R&D program to accumulate advantages for our green energy industry in future. Secondly, long-term plan and policies related to green energy development should be developed and implemented in accord with comprehensive energy planning and electricity planning. Thirdly, economic measures including subsidies, tax, fiscal, financial and other economic incentives for investment in the production of green energy should be used comprehensively. Fourthly, reasonable legal restraint also should be considered to guarantee the consumption of green energy. Last but not the least, we should reconsider the nuclear and hydro energy and their side effect for ecology and environment. |
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| Keywords: | Green Energy New Energy Renewable Energy Clean energy Development Process |
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