| 农业水价调整对解决华北平原水资源短缺的有效性分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 尉永平,陈德立,李保国.农业水价调整对解决华北平原水资源短缺的有效性分析[J].资源科学,2007,29(2):40-45. |
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| 作者姓名： | 尉永平 陈德立 李保国 |
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| 作者单位： | 澳大利亚墨尔本大学土地与食品学院，Parkville 3010,澳大利亚墨尔本大学土地与食品学院，Parkville 3010,中国农业大学资源与环境学院，北京100094 |
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| 基金项目： | 澳大利亚ACIAR 项目LWR/2003/039资助。 |
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| 摘 要： | 以河南省封丘县为研究区，应用模型推导与调查实证的方法探讨了华北平原农业水价政策的有效性。结果表明：目前技术水平下田间需水的价格弹性有限，价格信号对农户的灌溉决策行为影响微乎其微。农户水环境意识薄弱以及考虑粮食自足与极低的农户收入是影响农业水价改革及其政策有效性的主要制约因素。提出改变农业用水管理模式，适当抬高农业水价，促进农户节水意识提高；建立节水效益补偿机制，试行“两部制水价+ 返还”的水价政策，促进节水技术进步等对策。
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| 关 键 词： | 农业水价 水资源短缺 粮食自足 水需求弹性 |
| 文章编号： | 1007-7588(2007)02-0040-06 |
| 收稿时间： | 9/5/2006 12:00:00 AM |
| 修稿时间： | 2006-09-05 |
Effectiveness of Agricultural Water Pricing on Solving the Water
Shortage of North China Plain:
A Case study in Fengqiu County of Henan Province |
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| WEI Yong-ping,CHEN De-li and LI Bao-guo.Effectiveness of Agricultural Water Pricing on Solving the Water
Shortage of North China Plain:
A Case study in Fengqiu County of Henan Province[J].Resources Science,2007,29(2):40-45. |
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| Authors: | WEI Yong-ping CHEN De-li and LI Bao-guo |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Resource Management, Faculty of Land and Food Resources, the University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia 2. College of Resources and Environment, Chinese Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China |
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| Abstract: | The potential to use water pricing instrument to influence agricultural irrigation practices on North China Plain was studied with a simple analytical model and a questionnaire survey.The study was carried out in Fengqiu County, Henan Province,where comprehensive and long term bio-physical research on water dynamics has been conducted.The results from the analytical model showed that the water price elasticity was very low,at current irrigation techniques.When the agricultural price was increased from the current value of 0.10 Yuan/m~3 to the supply cost recovery one of 0.20 Yuan/m~3,the potential water saving is increased only by 6.7%.However,the farmer income loss would be 230 Yuan/hm~2.In another words,increasing the water price can not save water at the current market grain price. The results from farmers' survey showed that grain self-sufficiency was the most important factor that farmers consider when they decided what to plant,when and how much to irrigate.The farmers' responses to water price increase were of rigidity as over 60% farmers would follow current irrigation pattern till they are unable to afford it.The survey also showed that farmer' perceptions of water scarcity and environmental pollution was very poor,about 80% farmers did not care or did not know the importance of irrigation use efficiency and environmental pollution caused from excessive water use.Another reason for low water price elasticity is the low profit margin.The annual average income per capita was only 2026 Yuan,in which about one third came from the cropping production.If the labour cost was incorporated into the input cost,farmers' net income from cropping was only about 200 Yuan.Therefore the main constraints for the effectiveness of agricultural water pricing to solve the problem of water shortage in the North China Plain are summarized:1) lack of awareness of water scarcity and environmental pollution by farmers;2) very low farm profit margin;3) the main reason for farming,essentially a subsistence farming rather than income oriented.Two measures were recommended to alleviate the water shortage in the North China Plain:1) changing area-based charge system into simple volumetric-based one and small increase of water price and 2) setting up the water price system of "two-part tariff plus government subsidization". |
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| Keywords: | Agricultural water price Water use efficiency Irrrigation Water price elasticity |
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