| 新疆耕地开发流失模式时空特征分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 陈红,吴世新,冯雪力.新疆耕地开发流失模式时空特征分析[J].资源科学,2010,32(9):1726-1733. |
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| 作者姓名： | 陈红 吴世新 冯雪力 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011;中国科学院研究生院,北京,100049
2. 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐,830011 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国科学院知识创新重大项目(编号：KZCX1-Y-02)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 应用中国科学院土地利用变化时空信息平台，在新疆1990年、2000年、2005年、2008年四期土地利用
时空数据库的基础上，利用GIS空间分析提取新疆三个时段的耕地开发利用时空流转数据，并结合新疆环境背景
数据库分析近20年来新疆耕地开发流失模式的时空特征变化。结果表明：近20年间，新疆耕地开发速度呈现急剧
上升又减缓的趋势,2000年-2005年间达到峰值;耕地开发由壤质绿洲地区逐渐向砾质和砂质的戈壁、沙地等未利
用地扩展延伸，由引渠水灌溉向地下水灌溉发展，打破河流、土质定开发的传统模式;近20年间，新疆耕地流失速
度持续下降，撂荒一直是耕地流失的主要因素，建设占用在耕地流失中的比例持续下降，生态退耕在耕地流失中的
比例持续上升，人为因素对耕地流失的作用逐渐增大，建设占用和生态退耕的耕地主要分布在绿洲地区，撂荒耕地
由绿洲地区向沙地、戈壁扩展。
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| 关 键 词： | 耕地开发 耕地流失 年均速度 |
Spatial-Temporal Analysis on Land Reclamation and Loss Patterns in Xinjiang |
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| CHEN Hong,WU Shixin and FENG Xueli.Spatial-Temporal Analysis on Land Reclamation and Loss Patterns in Xinjiang[J].Resources Science,2010,32(9):1726-1733. |
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| Authors: | CHEN Hong WU Shixin and FENG Xueli |
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| Institution: | Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China;Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China;Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China;Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China |
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| Abstract: | To study reclamation and loss patterns of cultivated land in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous
Region, the authors examined spatial-temporal dynamics of cultivated land in Xinjiang during
since the late 1980s based on four land use databases and interpreting four scenes of satellite
images acquired in 1990, 2000, 2005 and 2008 in combination with GIS spatial analysis techniques
and field surveys. Changes in soil texture and irrigation patterns during the processes of land
reclamation were analyzed in detail, with unraveling reasons for cultivated land losses over the past
two decades with the environmental database for Xinjiang. To investigate influencing factors for
reclamation and reasons for cultivated land losses, the authors accounted for factors of soil texture,
irrigation pattern and loss reasons. In terms of soil texture, the cultivated land was categorized into
three classes by interpreting the remote sensing images with the aid of field survey, which were
sandy soils, loamy soil and grave soils. In terms of irrigation patterns, the cultivated land was
divided into three classes, which were surface water irrigation, groundwater irrigation and dry
farmland. In terms of loss reasons, the loss of cultivated land was divided into arable land
occupation by construction, natural abandonment land and returning farmland. Results showed that
land reclamation exhibited a increasing trend and then slowed down, reaching the maximum
between around 2000 and 2005. The reclamation was generally shifted from the oasis to the unused
land, such as desert and gobi desert. The irrigation pattern was shifted primarily from surface water
irrigation to groundwater irrigation. The losses of cultivated land maintained decreasing, being
converted in part into natural abandoned land. The ratio of arable land occupation by construction
showed a decreasing trend and that of conversion from farmland to forests increased. It was also
found that the impact of human activities on land losses was manifested incrementally. Arable land
occupation by construction and conversion of farmland into forests mostly occurred in oasis.
Abandoned land expanded from oasis to desert and gobi desert. In a word, the reclamation and loss
patterns of cultivated land have changed greatly. With the changes in land reclamation and losses,
sustainable land utilization and reclamation would have to be affected; hence the coordination
between sustainable land reclamation and loss patterns becomes the key for mitigating land
degradation and realizing intensive land use in the future. |
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| Keywords: | Cultivated land reclamation Cultivated land loss Average annual rate |
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