| 宁蒙灌区灌溉定额偏高成因及节水潜力分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 贾绍凤、张士锋,王浩.宁蒙灌区灌溉定额偏高成因及节水潜力分析[J].资源科学,2003,25(1):29-34. |
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| 作者姓名： | 贾绍凤、张士锋 王浩 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京,100101
2. 中国水利水电科学研究院水资源研究所,北京,100044 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国科学院知识创新项目 (编号 :KZCX1 - 1 0 - 0 3)，中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所项目 (编号 :CXIOG -B0 0 - 0 4 )，国家自然科学基金项目 (编号 :49971 0 2 9)，国家重大基础研究发展规划项目 (编号 :1 9990 4 360 2 )共同资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 宁蒙灌区灌溉定额是关中地区的6倍左右，因而常常遭受各方面的批评。但宁蒙灌区定额高并非完全不合理的大水漫灌溉的结果，在很大程度上有其自然规律的必然性和合理性。由于自然条件的差异，宁蒙灌区的作物需水量、净灌溉定额本来就要比关中地区高很多。如果不改变目前的作物品种和种植结构，宁蒙灌区较高的灌溉定额60%左右是合理的，只有40%左右是不合理 的。这既说明了宁蒙灌区节水的巨大潜力，只要达到关中地区的水资源有效利用系数0.5，就可以减少引水40%左右，减少灌区耗水的30%左右；同时也说明了宁蒙区节水的限度：在目前的作物品种和种植结构下，.宁蒙灌区的灌溉定额不可能降低到与黄河中下游地区相同的水平。仍将维持在关中地区目前灌溉定额（2700m3hm-2左右）的3倍以上。要想进一步降低宁蒙灌区的灌溉用水，只有在改变灌溉方式（如改普通地面灌为喷灌、滴灌）以降低作物需水量、或改种需水量小的作物等方面下工夫。
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| 关 键 词： | 节水潜力 宁蒙灌区 灌溉定额 用水合理性 |
| 文章编号： | 1007-7588(2003)01-0029-06 |
| 修稿时间： | 2002年4月11日 |
REASONS OF HIGH IRRIGATION QUOTA AND POTENTIAL OF WATER-SAVING IN NING-MENG IRRIGATION AREA |
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| JIA Shao feng ,ZHANG Shi feng ,WANG Hao.REASONS OF HIGH IRRIGATION QUOTA AND POTENTIAL OF WATER-SAVING IN NING-MENG IRRIGATION AREA[J].Resources Science,2003,25(1):29-34. |
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| Authors: | JIA Shao feng ZHANG Shi feng WANG Hao |
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| Institution: | JIA Shao feng 1,ZHANG Shi feng 1,WANG Hao 2 |
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| Abstract: | The irrigation quota in Ningxia Plain irrigation area is 6 times higher than that of Guanzhong Plain irrigation area, while the irrigation quota in Hetao Plain irrigation area, Inner Mongolia, is 4 times higher than that of Guanzhong. So it is no doubt that the high irrigation quota in Ning Meng irrigation area (abbreviation for irrigation areas in Ningxia Plain, Ningxia and Hetao Plain and Inner Mongolia) is criticized strongly. But our analyses have shown that: More than 60% of the high irrigation quota in Ning Meng irrigation area is rational under present crop structure due to natural conditions such as higher crop water requirement and lower efficient precipitation. Only less than 40% of present irrigation quota is irrational because of lower water use efficiency. If not to change crop varieties cultivated, only by promoting the irrigation water use efficiency in Ning Meng irrigation area to advanced level of Guanzhong area, about 40% of water withdraws in Ningxia Plain can be saved while about 30% of net water depletion can be saved. In Hetao irrigation area, Inner Mongolia, the corresponding figures are 32 3% and 20%. If cultivating area of water intensity crops such as rice decreases, more water can be saved. There is high potentiality to decrease water irrigation quota by 60% and water exhaustion quota by 50% in this area through all kind of water saving measures. |
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| Keywords: | Water saving potential Ning meng irrigation area Irrigation quota Rationality of water use |
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