| 生态义务制的内涵与框架设计 |
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| 引用本文： | 李武斌,延军平,薛东前.生态义务制的内涵与框架设计[J].资源科学,2013,35(1):14-20. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李武斌 延军平 薛东前 |
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| 作者单位： | 陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院,西安,710062 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金(编号:41171090);陕西省软科学资助项目(编号:2010KRM35)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 生态环境的建设与优化关系到国家的生态安全与生态文明的建设.生态文明的实现形式分为萌芽、准备、建设和高级四个阶段,制度化的生态责任和义务是生态文明发展的必要步骤和重要途径.因此,构建生态义务制势在必行,生态义务理应成为宪法规定的公民的基本义务.从实现生态文明社会的视角,文章界定了生态义务制的法制内涵与特性.作为新型的义务形式,生态义务制可以与其他宪法规定的义务制有效联结起来.文章认为,生态义务制的实现关键在于:一是从法律关系明确生态环境的责任客体和责任主体；二是从制度上设计出履行生态义务制度的框架与运行机制.生态义务制度的实行,需要动员包括政府在内的全民责任.政府作为公权力组织,负有生态规划、管理与购买三大政治责任；不同形式的个体与组织,基于法定社会责任或基本伦理道理,也要依法履行与承担各自相应的生态义务.
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| 关 键 词： | 生态文明 生态义务 责任主体 制度框架 |
Connotation and Framework Design of Compulsory Ecological System |
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| LI WUbin,YAN Junpin and XUE Dongqian.Connotation and Framework Design of Compulsory Ecological System[J].Resources Science,2013,35(1):14-20. |
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| Authors: | LI WUbin YAN Junpin and XUE Dongqian |
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| Institution: | College of Tourism and Environment, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China;College of Tourism and Environment, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China;College of Tourism and Environment, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China |
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| Abstract: | Since western China is a region with a fragile ecology and deep human impacts, the task of ecological recovery requires the whole nation. An ecological civilization requires a system of ecological administration, that is, a nation-wide system of ecological responsibility and obligation.. The development of an ecological civilization can be divided into four stages: infancy, preparation, construction and advanced stages. The construction period comprises ecological construction with high input, ecological obligation with nation-wide popularization and ecological management with institutionalization. The construction of a compulsory ecological system is imperative, and more significantly, the system should be one of constitutional obligation. Here, we define the legal connotation and characters of compulsory ecological system. As one of the newest legal obligations, the compulsory ecological system should link up with other constitutional obligations like compulsory military service, education, labor and tax systems. We suggest that the key to a compulsory ecological system has two aspects: clear and definite legal relations between the liability object (ecological environment) and various liability subjects (government at all levels, citizen, enterprise, academic institution, community, NGO, mass media, student); and a basic framework and operating mechanism at a national level regarding the interactive process among obligation entities involved in the ecological system. It is necessary to mobilize the entire society, including governments, when implementing compulsory ecological systems. As the representative of authority, both the central and local governments should bear the bulk of ecological political responsibilities such as ecological planning, ecological management and ecological purchasing. Based on social responsibility and moral principles, various organizations and individuals shall fulfill their obligations according to law. The basic framework of a compulsory ecological system involves trading mechanisms of ecological product and safeguarding ecological obligations. In particular, it is important that a Statute of Ecological Compulsion be developed for implementation. |
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| Keywords: | Ecological civilization Compulsory ecological system Subject of ecological responsibility System framework |
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