| 中国流域水资源分配制度存在的问题与改进建议 |
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| 引用本文： | 许新宜,杨丽英,王红瑞,高媛媛.中国流域水资源分配制度存在的问题与改进建议[J].资源科学,2011,33(3):392-398. |
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| 作者姓名： | 许新宜 杨丽英 王红瑞 高媛媛 |
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| 作者单位： | 北京师范大学水科学研究院教育部水沙科学重点实验室,北京,100875 |
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| 基金项目： | 水利部节水型社会建设项目：“水综节水”[2007]4号 。 |
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| 摘 要： | 本文在总结国内外流域水资源分配制度理论与实践的基础上,明确流域水量分配的主客体,阐述流域水量分配与相关水资源管理政策的相互关系。总结分析目前我国现有制定流域水量分配方案的特点及实践中存在的问题,将权、责、利相统一作为流域水量分配遵循的基本原则之一,建议流域分配水量中应扣除地下水袭夺地表水量,合理调配流域地表地下水。通过引入用水存量和用水增量概念,提出以存量体现公平,增量体现效率的一种分水思路。针对不同分水方案的公平性、效率性,提出一种评价模式可为区域协商与政府决策提供参考依据。
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| 关 键 词： | 水量分配 责权利统一 存量 增量 中国 |
Problems and Suggestions on Improvement of Water Resources Allocation in River Basins in China |
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| XU Xinyi,YANG Liying,WANG Hongrui and GAO Yuanyuan.Problems and Suggestions on Improvement of Water Resources Allocation in River Basins in China[J].Resources Science,2011,33(3):392-398. |
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| Authors: | XU Xinyi YANG Liying WANG Hongrui and GAO Yuanyuan |
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| Institution: | College of Water Sciences-Key Laboratory for Water and Sediment Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;College of Water Sciences-Key Laboratory for Water and Sediment Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;College of Water Sciences-Key Laboratory for Water and Sediment Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;College of Water Sciences-Key Laboratory for Water and Sediment Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China |
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| Abstract: | As population and economy grow, demands for water will escalate. In most countries, demands for water are initially met by engineering, supply-side solutions. Based on reviewing international and domestic practices on water resources allocation within river basins, a comparison of a variety of methodologies and models of water resources allocation and documentation of the best practices were systematically performed. There are many general lessons and key issues that can be learned from the review. This review explains the relationship between water allocation schemes within river basins and policies regarding water resources management. There are many cases in China and around the world that water resources allocation only concentrates on surface water resources. Theoretically, the total demands for water within a river basin are generally supplied from a combination of surface water and groundwater resources, so reasonably integrated water resources allocation schemes are preferable. Once conditions are suitable, certain demands may be supplied from either surface water or groundwater resources, i.e., conjunctive use. Conjunctive use is advantageous over other utilization ways as it provides an opportunity to rely on surface water resources when conditions are good, resulting in renewal of the groundwater resources. When surface flows are below the average, groundwater resources can be drawn upon more heavily, even temporarily at rates greater than the sustainable yield. Prudent management is required to ensure that the long-term average rates of exploitation are within sustainable limits, and joint allocation of surface water and groundwater resources is desirable for these situations. The study integrates responsibility, entitlements, and benefits as the principles for water resources allocation in China. Two concepts of water use stocks and incremental water use were proposed to reflect the efficiency and equity of water allocation schemes. Assessment indicators for the equity and efficiency of water allocation schemes were provided as a basis for decision-making. Water allocation is both basis and requirement of integrated water resources management within river basins. It can serve as the goals of rational and orderly development of water resources, and promotion of sustainable utilization of water resources and socio-economic development. Three steps were proposed for formulating water allocation schemes. The first step is technical analysis and development of a draft water allocation scheme; the second step is stakeholder consultation and government decision; and the third step is implementation and administration of the water allocation scheme. |
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| Keywords: | Water allocation scheme Integrated responsibility entitlements and benefits Water use stocks Incremental water use |
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