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基于栅格尺度的中国人居环境气候适宜性评价
引用本文:唐焰,封志明,杨艳昭.基于栅格尺度的中国人居环境气候适宜性评价[J].资源科学,2008,30(5):648-653.
作者姓名:唐焰  封志明  杨艳昭
作者单位:1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京,100101;中国科学院研究生院,北京,10049
2. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京,100101
基金项目:中国科学院知识创新工程项目
摘    要:运用GIS技术,基于1km×1km栅格尺度,计算了中国的温湿指数和风效指数,并系统分析了二者的时空分布规律,在此基础上,定量评价了中国人居环境的气候舒适期与适宜性。结果表明:①中国温湿指数和风效指数的空间分布大势由东南沿海向西北内陆递减,中国人居环境的气候适宜性整体呈由东南沿海向西北内陆,由高原、山地向丘陵、平原递减的趋势;②基于温湿指数和风效指数的中国人居环境气候舒适期地域差异显著,最高值分布在东南丘陵和云贵高原东南部,舒适期长达12个月,青藏高原和天山山地等高寒地区为全年气候不舒适区;气候舒适期超过半年(6个月)的地区,面积占全国的1/3强;气候舒适期为12个月的地区,面积不足全国的1%;③中国人居环境的气候适宜性评价表明,气候适宜地区占国土面积的63.14%,相应人口占98.22%,临界适宜区和不适宜区面积各占14.06%和22.77%,而相应人口仅占1.62%和0.16%,人口明显集中分布于气候适宜地区。

关 键 词:温湿指数  风效指数  气候舒适期  气候适宜性  中国  栅格  尺度  中国人  人居环境  气候适宜  性评价  Human  Settlement  Climate  Suitability  集中分布  适宜区  临界  人口  国土面积  适宜地区  评价表  舒适区  全年气候  高寒地区  天山山地  青藏高原
文章编号:1007-7588(2008)05-0648-06
收稿时间:8/1/2007 12:00:00 AM
修稿时间:2007年8月1日

Evaluation of Climate Suitability for Human Settlement in China
TANG Yan,FENG Zhi-ming and YANG Yan-zhao.Evaluation of Climate Suitability for Human Settlement in China[J].Resources Science,2008,30(5):648-653.
Authors:TANG Yan  FENG Zhi-ming and YANG Yan-zhao
Abstract:Climate is an important factor influencing population distribution and suitability for human settlement. Using a climate suitability analysis including temperature humidity index (THI), wind chill index (K) and GIS technology, this paper calculates THI and K for China at a 1km×1km grid size. Spatial distribution analysis is then used to evaluate climate suitability for human settlement. Results show that THI and K decrease gradually from southeast to northwest. Based on THI, most of China's area in January is unsuitably cold, and the region suitable for settlement is less than 5% of the total national area, while in July, the total area with suitable climate is 56.52%. Based on analysis of K, the area of suitable climate includes 22.59% of the country in January, and 78.64% in July. The annual period of suitable climate is longer when analyzed in terms of K rather than THI. There are significant regional differences, with a 12-month period of suitable climate in hilly regions of China's southeast and the southeastern Yungui Plateau. The Tibetan Plateau and Tianshan area have the shortest period of climate suitability. The predominant length of climate suitability in China is five months per year, which is characteristic of 29.14% of the country's total area, while areas that have suitable climate for all 12 months are most limited, covering less than 1% of the country. In general, climate suitability for human settlement declines from southeast to northwest, and from hilly regions and plains to plateaus and mountain areas. The total area classified as suitable for human settlement covers an area of 3.2 million km2, 63.14% of China's total area, and contains a population of 1.24 billion (98.22% of the total population), indicating that China's human population is concentrated in regions with suitable climate.
Keywords:THI  K  Climatic suitable period  Climate suitability  China
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