Endothelial Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus |
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| Authors: | R Dhananjayan K S Srivani Koundinya T Malati Vijay Kumar Kutala |
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| Institution: | 1.Department of Biochemistry,ACS Medical College & Hospital,Chennai,India;2.Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education (University),Chennai,India;3.Department of Biochemistry,Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences,Hyderabad,India;4.Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (Biochemistry),Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences,Hyderabad,India |
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| Abstract: | Endothelial dysfunction is an imbalance in the production of vasodilator factors and when this balance is disrupted, it predisposes the vasculature towards pro-thrombotic and pro-atherogenic effects. This results in vasoconstriction, leukocyte adherence, platelet activation, mitogenesis, pro-oxidation, impaired coagulation and nitric oxide production, vascular inflammation, atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Endothelial dysfunction is focussed as it is a potential contributor to the pathogenesis of vascular disease in diabetes mellitus. Under physiological conditions, there is a balanced release of endothelial-derived relaxing and contracting factors, but this delicate balance is altered in diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis, thereby contributing to further progression of vascular and end-organ damage. This review focuses on endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, oxidative stress associated with diabetes mellitus, markers and genetics that are implicated in endothelial dysfunction. |
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