Exclusive licensing of university technology: The effects of university prestige,technology transfer offices,and academy-industry collaboration |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Investment, School of Management, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;2. School of Business and Economics, Vrije Universiteit 1081 HV Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;3. Faculty of Law, Economics and Governance, Utrecht University, 3512 BK Utrecht, The Netherlands;4. Institute for Intellectual Property Management, School of Management, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;1. Department of Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Investment, School of Management, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;2. School of Business and Economics, Vrije Universiteit 1081 HV Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;3. Faculty of Law, Economics and Governance, Utrecht University, 3512 BK Utrecht, The Netherlands;4. Institute for Intellectual Property Management, School of Management, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;1. Institute of Economics, EMbeDS, Scuola Superiore Sant''Anna, Pisa, Italy;2. UNU-MERIT, Maastricht University, Netherlands and Brussels School of Governance, VUB, Belgium;1. University of Bergamo, Via dei Caniana, 2, 24127, Bergamo, Italy;2. Bordeaux School of Economics, University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Avenue Léon Duguit, 33608, Pessac, France;3. AQR-IREA Research Group, University of Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal, 690, 08034, Barcelona, Spain;1. Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China;2. Department of Management, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia;3. Department of Management, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia;1. Department of Management Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, Canada, N2L 3G1;2. Conrad School of Entrepreneurship and Business, Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, Canada, N2L 3G1;3. Sheridan College Institute of Technology and Advanced Learning, 1430 Trafalgar Road, Oakville, ON, Canada, L6H 2L1 |
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| Abstract: | Exclusivity is a key concern when designing a licensing contract, yet the organizational factors that influence the exclusive provision of university licenses remain underexplored. This study provides a deeper understanding of this question by developing a balanced framework that considers both licensors (universities) and licensees (companies) in licensing deals. Furthermore, we posit that university prestige affects both a university's ability to conduct non-exclusive licensing and a firm's incentive to obtain an exclusive license, thereby shaping their joint willingness to license (non-)exclusively. We also examine how technology transfer office (TTO) experience and prior collaboration between a university and a firm moderate this relationship. To test the hypotheses, we use a dataset consisting of 6653 licensed patents owned by 117 representative Chinese universities. We find that an inverted U-shaped relationship exists between university prestige and the likelihood that two parties choose exclusive licensing. Moreover, the moderating effect of TTO experience is partially supported while that of prior collaboration is fully supported. Our findings generate important implications for the relative social impacts of exclusive and non-exclusive licensing of technology inventions as well as the management of university licensing. |
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