| 论我国早期的佛经翻译特点——从东汉到西晋 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘长庆,王桂琴.论我国早期的佛经翻译特点——从东汉到西晋[J].襄樊学院学报,2006,27(4):83-88. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘长庆 王桂琴 |
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| 作者单位： | 襄樊学院,外语系,湖北,襄樊,441053 |
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| 基金项目： | 湖北省教育厅社会科学研究十五规划项目(鄂教思政[2004]13号2004q034) |
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| 摘 要： | 我国早期的佛经翻译特点呈现出多层面性。从翻译主体来看,译经者主要是外来僧人或者久住中国的外籍后裔,汉地僧人或居士参加很少,且多从事辅助工作,翻译往往全凭口授;从翻译行为来看,这一时期的译经多属个人行为,没有得到政府的直接支持;从翻译方法来看,汉末基本采用直译法而偏于“质”,三国时期,基本采用删繁就简、尽量适应当地文化的意译而偏于“文”,西晋时期再予纠正而采用直译,译文偏于更高层次的“质”;从译文受到目的语的影响来看,佛经翻译深受道家思想影响;从译经者的素质来看,他们都是从事佛教工作的专业人士,这保证了译文能最大限度地传译原作的思想;随着译经的不断发展,经师们开始对已有的翻译文本进一步完善和深化,或“重译”(“校译”)或会译或注译。总的看来,早期的佛经翻译尽管还没有形成成熟的、系统的翻译理论,但却为以后的佛教翻译在理论上做了比较充分的准备。
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| 关 键 词： | 佛经翻译 外来僧人 直译与意译 文与质 |
| 文章编号： | 1009-2854(2006)04-0083-06 |
| 收稿时间： | 04 13 2006 12:00AM |
| 修稿时间： | 2006年4月13日 |
Characteristics in the Early Buddhist Sutra Translation in China——From Han Dynasty to Western Jin Dynasty |
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| LIU Chang-qing,WANG Gui-qin.Characteristics in the Early Buddhist Sutra Translation in China——From Han Dynasty to Western Jin Dynasty[J].Journal of Xiangfan University,2006,27(4):83-88. |
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| Authors: | LIU Chang-qing WANG Gui-qin |
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| Abstract: | The early Buddhist sutra translation in our country embodies multi-faceted characteristics.Firstly,the translators were mainly foreign Buddhist monks or their descendants long lived in China and only a few of Chinese Buddhist monks took part in translating and they only did some assistant job.The translation almost depended on dictating.Secondly,the translation was all but personal behavior because it had not been supported by the royal or government.Thirdly,as for the translation skills,Han Dynasty mainly used the literal translation skills and the versions consequently incline towards Zhi(qualitative),while the Three Kingdoms Period mainly used the liberal translation skills,with omitting troublesomeness for simpleness and as far as possible catering for localized culture,the versions consequently incline towards Wen(literary),and Western Jin Dynasty brought back again to the literal translation skills and the versions incline towards a high-level Zhi(qualitative).Fourthly,the translation were deeply influenced by Taoism.Fifthly,all the translators were specialty talents in Buddhist fields,which guaranteed the versions could be as far as possibly equivalent to the originals.Finally,with the development of the Buddhist sutra translation,the translators began to improve and elaborate the existing versions,re-translated,collated or noted.In general,the early translations were insufficiently advanced,but it made a sufficiently theoretical preparation for the later translation of Buddhist sutra. |
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| Keywords: | Early translation of Buddhist sutra Foreign Buddhist monk Personal translation Literal translation and liberal translation Wen(literary) and Zhi(qualitative) |
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