| 2021年疫情背景下中国高校应届毕业生就业状况有何变化？——一项基于2021年和2020年全国调查数据的实证研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 李涛,孙煖,邬志辉.2021年疫情背景下中国高校应届毕业生就业状况有何变化？——一项基于2021年和2020年全国调查数据的实证研究[J].华东师范大学学报(教育科学版),2022(2):100-113. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李涛 孙煖 邬志辉 |
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| 作者单位： | ;1.教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地东北师范大学中国农村教育发展研究院;2.东北师范大学教育学部 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家社会科学基金重大项目“代际社会学视野下中国新生代的价值观念与行为模式研究”(项目批准号:19ZDA146);教育部政策法规司委托项目“重大教育理论创新研究”之子课题“疫情对中国教育的深层次影响及疫后教育创新研究”。 |
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| 摘 要： | 课题组于2021年6月—8月持续两个半月对全国34个省区市展开第二轮调研。根据回收的调查数据样本,与2020年第一轮调研比较发现:2021年近五成毕业生签约税后薪酬每月3 001-5 000元、就业岗位与专业总体对口率显著提高、就业满意度保持高位略有下滑、考虑离职率略有上升。2021年未就业毕业生自感疫情因素对就业影响程度显著降低、向体制内就业的期待倾向明显、公考和升学失利者复考意愿更加强烈、薪酬待遇超过工作地点成为最被看重的就业因素、期待薪酬与实际薪酬之间的差距在扩大、对民营企业的就业期待位次出现明显下降。受调样本中用人单位招聘计划在压缩、裁员率在上升、薪酬水平在增加、招聘标准在提高。高校毕业生对学校就业指导工作满意度与2020年总体持平保持良好。通过Logistic回归分析,发现性别、户籍、家庭经济状况、学校类型、学校层次、学科类型、学科层次、个人学历、学业成绩、创业意愿等变量在不同类别间对就业的影响存在显著差异。与2020年不同之处是2021年农村户籍毕业生比城镇户籍毕业生就业概率更高、医学类和师范类高校应届毕业生比理工类高校毕业生就业概率更高、本科毕业生就业概率低于大专毕业生就...
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| 关 键 词： | 疫情 高校应届毕业生 用人单位 就业 实证研究 |
What are the Changes in the Employment Situation of Chinese College Graduates in the Context of the 2021 Epidemic: An Empirical Study Based on National Survey Data in 2021 and 2020 |
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| Li Tao,Sun Nuan,Wu Zhihui.What are the Changes in the Employment Situation of Chinese College Graduates in the Context of the 2021 Epidemic: An Empirical Study Based on National Survey Data in 2021 and 2020[J].Journal of East China Normal University:Educational Sciences,2022(2):100-113. |
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| Authors: | Li Tao Sun Nuan Wu Zhihui |
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| Institution: | (Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of Ministry of Education,Institute of Rural Education Development,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024,China;Faculty of Education,Northeast Normal University,Changchun,130024,China) |
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| Abstract: | The“Comprehensive Investigation of Employment Situation of College Graduates in China During the Epidemic Period”conducted the second round of surveys in 34 provinces,autonomous regions and municipalit-ies across the country for two and a half months from June to August 2021.Compared with the first round of survey in 2020,the following findings were found.(a)Nearly 50 percent of graduates signed a monthly salary of 3,001-5,000 yuan after tax.(b)The overall matching rate of job positions and majors increased significantly.(c)Employment sat-isfaction remained high but declined slightly,and(d)the rate of considering leaving had increased slightly.In 2021,unemployed graduates felt that the impact of epidemic factors on employment had significantly reduced.Their inten-tions of employment within the government system were obvious.Those who failed in civil service examinations and higher education had strong willing to retake the examinations.Different from the situation of employed graduates,the“salary package”exceeding the“place of work”became a significant employment factor for unemployed gradu-ates.At the same time,the gap between expected salary and actual salary was widening.The ranking of employment expectations for private enterprises had dropped significantly.In the survey sample,employers’recruitment plans were shrinking,but rates were rising.The salary levels were increasing,as well as the recruitment standards.The sat-isfaction of college graduates with the employment guidance work of the college remained good,which was the same as in 2020.Through logistic regression analysis,it was found that the variables include gender,household registra-tion,family economic status,school type,school level,subject type,subject level,personal education,academic per-formance,entrepreneurial willingness etc.,had significant differences in the impact of different categories on em-ployment.The same as in 2020,men have a significant employment advantage over women.This employment ad-vantage existed in the comparison of economically non-difficult families with economically difficult families as well.Meanwhile,employment advantage was showed in the comparative between colleges of science and engineering and finance and agriculture and forestry colleges,national"Double Tops"universities and higher vocational college,hu-manities and social sciences,national double first-class disciplines and ordinary disciplines,master’s degrees and bachelor’s degrees.The graduates from top 20 percent of professional rankings had more advantage than the 20-60 percent and bottom 40 percent graduates.Difference from 2020,the findings show that rural household registration graduates have a higher employment probability than urban household registration graduates,current graduates from medical colleges and normal colleges had a higher employment probability than colleges of science and engineering graduates,the employment probability of undergraduate graduates was lower than that of college graduates,and the employment probability of agricultural medicine was higher than that of humanities. |
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| Keywords: | COVID-19 new graduates of universities and colleges employing unit employment empirical re-search |
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