Childhood emotional maltreatment,anxiety, attachment,and mindfulness: Associations with facial emotion recognition |
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| Institution: | 1. University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;2. McGill University, 845 Rue Sherbrooke O, Montréal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada;1. Department of General Psychiatry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Vossstrasse 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany;2. Research Division of Mind and Brain, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany;3. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Freiburg im Breisgau, Hauptstrasse 5, 79104 Freiburg, Germany;4. Division of Medical Psychology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany;5. Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany;6. Psychology School at the Fresenius University of Applied Sciences Berlin, Jägerstraße 32, 10117 Berlin, Germany;7. Psychiatric University Clinics Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4012 Basel, Switzerland;1. Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany;2. School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Luisenstraße 56, 10117 Berlin, Germany;3. Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland;4. MSB Medical School Berlin, Calandrellistr. 1-9, 12247 Berlin, Germany;1. Department of Psychology, Laboratory for Biological and Personality Psychology, University of Freiburg, Germany;2. Department of Genetic Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany;3. Freiburg Brain Imaging Center, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany;1. Department of Psychology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada;2. Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA;3. Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA;4. Department of Psychiatry, Texas A&M Health Sciences Center, Bryan, TX, USA |
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| Abstract: | The current study investigated factors thought to contribute to facial emotion processing. Female university students (N = 126) completed self-report measures of childhood emotional maltreatment, anxiety symptoms, attachment anxiety and avoidance, and trait mindfulness before completing a facial emotion recognition task, where they viewed sequences of faces that incorporated progressively more emotional content until they were able to correctly identify the emotion. They completed the task under low and high cognitive load conditions to distinguish between relatively effortful versus automatic processing abilities. Regression analyses revealed that under low cognitive load, attachment avoidance and mindfulness predicted quicker identification of fear (i.e., with less perceptual information), whereas anxiety predicted slower identification of fear (i.e., with more perceptual information). In the high cognitive load condition, emotional maltreatment and mindfulness predicted quicker identification of fear, and anxiety and mindfulness predicted faster identification of emotions overall. Although current findings are correlational, most of these effects were specific to fearful faces, suggesting that experiences of childhood emotional maltreatment and associated socio-emotional sequelae are related to heightened processing of threat-related information. |
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| Keywords: | Emotional maltreatment Facial emotion processing Anxiety Attachment Mindfulness Cognitive load |
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