Maltreatment type,exposure characteristics,and mental health outcomes among clinic referred trauma-exposed youth |
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| Institution: | 1. The Trauma Center at Justice Resource Institute, Brookline, MA, United States;2. Suffolk University, Department of Psychology, Boston, MA, United States;3. Private Practice, Boston, MA, United States;4. UCLA-Duke University National Center for Child Traumatic Stress, Durham, NC, United States;5. Duke University School of Medicine, United States;6. University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, United States;7. UCLA-Duke University National Center for Child Traumatic Stress, University of California, Los Angles, United States;1. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Canada;2. Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Canada;3. Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Canada;1. Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Human Services and Social Work, Griffith University, Meadowbrook, QLD 4131, Australia;2. Terre des Hommes Foundation, Avenue de Montchoisi, 15-CH-1006 Lausanne, Switzerland;3. Terre des Hommes Foundation, Afghanistan Country Office, House No. 103, Quali-Fatullah, Kabul, Afghanistan;1. Hangzhou College of Preschool Education, Zhejiang Normal University, China;2. Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Malawi;1. University of North Carolina Wilmington, United States;2. Life Paths Research Center & University of the South, Sewanee, TN, United States;3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Division of Violence Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States;4. Juvenile Protective Association, Chicago, IL, United States;5. University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States;1. Aga Khan University, Department of Community Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan;2. Aga Khan University, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Karachi, Pakistan;3. Aga Khan University Hospital, Department of Pediatric and Child Health, Karachi, Pakistan;1. School of Criminal Justice and Criminalistics at California State University, Los Angeles, United States;2. Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, United States;3. School of Medicine, New York University, United States;4. UCLA–Duke University National Center for Child Traumatic Stress, Duke University Medical Center, United States |
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| Abstract: | Building upon prior research documenting differential effects of psychological maltreatment, physical, and sexual abuse on youth mental health outcomes (Spinazzola et al., 2014), the present study sought to clarify the relative predictive contributions of type of maltreatment compared to salient exposure characteristics. The sample included 5058 clinic-referred youth from the Core Dataset (CDS) of the National Child Traumatic Stress Network (NCTSN) with lifetime histories of exposure to one or more of three specific types of maltreatment: psychological maltreatment (PM), physical abuse (PA), and sexual abuse (SA). First, we examined variations in salient trauma characteristics (age of onset, duration of exposure, number of co-occurring trauma types, and perpetrator type and number) by maltreatment group. Second, we examined whether type of maltreatment remained associated with mental health measures after adjusting for demographic variables and trauma characteristics. Profiles for youth with PM were more severe than youth who experienced either PA or SA only. Co-occurring PM and PA was associated with the most severe trauma exposure profile and with severity of PTSD symptoms, even after adjusting for demographic and trauma characteristics. Youth exposed to SA only had a distinct trauma profile and greater PTSD symptom severity after adjusting for demographic and trauma characteristic variables. Study findings hold important implications for trauma screening, assessment, and intervention, as well as for traumatic stress research methods that extend beyond abuse-specific or cumulative-risk approaches. |
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| Keywords: | Psychological maltreatment Emotional abuse Emotional neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse Clinical profiles of maltreated youth |
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