| 40年来中西古史比较研究的进展 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘家和.40年来中西古史比较研究的进展[J].北京师范大学学报(社会科学版),2019(2):17-22. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘家和 |
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| 作者单位： | 北京师范大学历史学院,北京,100875 |
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| 摘 要： | 黑格尔有一种偏见,认为东方的文明是古老的,也是停滞的;他在《世纪历史的哲学》中指出:中国历史就是没有发展的历史。这是西方中心论在中国历史问题上诸多错误观点的理论根源之一。由于我国学术界存在着中国史和世界史相互隔绝的情况,搞中国史的不研究外国,搞世界史的不研究中国,长久以来,黑格尔在世界历史范畴内对中国历史的错误观点没有得到清算。改革开放40年来,中国的世界古代史研究取得了长足进步。林志纯先生提出中西古代文明共同经历了由城邦到帝国的发展两阶段说;吴于廑先生提出世界史是由多而一(即从分散到一体)的过程,其中横向的联系推进了纵向的发展,纵向的发展又转而推进了横向的联系。这些观点说明中西古代历史具有共同规律,这对破除西方中心论有重要意义。不过,同中有没有异?怎样对世界史的统一性作出理论性说明?中国历史有没有变化和发展?刘家和先生在前人基础上,经过多年的研究和思考,提出以下观点:比较研究不仅要察同,从异中见同,还要辨异,从同中见异;世界历史是扬弃诸"小一"(国别史)而成"大一"(世界史)的发展过程;中国文明具有不断地自我更新、自我代谢的能力;中国历史经历了发展和变化而表现出连续性的特点,因此而成为世界史有机整体中不可分割的重要部分。这些观点是迄今为止中国学者对黑格尔的挑战作出的最有理论意义的回应。
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| 关 键 词： | 改革开放40年 世界历史 黑格尔 古代东方 中国历史 无发展的历史 |
The Progress in the Comparative Study on the Chinese and Western Ancient History in the Past Forty Years |
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| LIU Jiahe.The Progress in the Comparative Study on the Chinese and Western Ancient History in the Past Forty Years[J].Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Science Edition),2019(2):17-22. |
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| Authors: | LIU Jiahe |
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| Institution: | (School of History,BNU, Beijing 100875, China) |
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| Abstract: | A prejudice can be found in Hegel's theory that the Oriental civilization is antique but standstill. In Phi-losophic der Weltgeschichte, he stated that Chinese history is the one without development, which provided the base for va-rious wrong views on the Chinese history from west-centrism. Hegel's mistakes remain uncorrected, because the Chinses scholars of the Chinese history and the world history have little concern about each other's research fields as if there is an un-bridged gap between different sub-disciplines. Since the reform and opening up, the study on the world ancient history in China has made tremendous achievements. Prof. LIN Zhichun holds that China and the west both experienced development of two stages, from city states to empires. Prof. WU Yujin points out that the world history witnesses a process from sepa-rated histories of various countries to the world history as oneness, and the lateral ties and longitudinal development are driv-ing forces for each other. These opinions reveal the common rules in Chinese and the western ancient history development, which is significant in wiping out Euro-centralism. Is there any difference in the sameness?Is there a theoretical demonstra-tion for the consistency in histories of all countries?Is there any change and development in Chinese history? Based on the predecessors' research and his own study and speculations in many years, Prof. LIU Jiahe points out that comparative study is both to search sameness from difference and then difference from sameness. He also thinks that the world history develops in the Aufhaben process from the ones of various countries to the one of the world. Chinese civilization shows its continuity in self-renovation and self-supersession, so it has become an inseparable part in the organic unity of the world history. Prof. Liu's views can be considered as the most meaningful theoretical answer to Hegel's challenge. |
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| Keywords: | forty years of reform and opening up the world history Hegel: the ancient Orrient Chinese history 'a history without development' |
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