| 从“范式”的视角看质的研究之定位 |
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| 作者单位： | 北京大学教育学院 |
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| 摘 要： | "范式"是一个科学共同体成员所共有的东西,是由共有的信念、价值、技术等构成的整体。结合范式及其相配套的研究取径或方法,量的研究属于"实证主义"的范式,质的研究主要属于"解释主义"的范式,而"行动研究"则属于"批判理论"的范式。从研究的价值导向来看,"实证主义"及其量的研究和"解释主义"及其质的研究都可以归于"学术导向",其主要目的是"求真",了解和理解事情"是什么";而"批判理论"及其行动研究则归于"实践导向",其主要目的是"求善"、"求美",探讨并推进"应该是什么"。"定性研究"同时具有"思辨的"和"解释的"特征,"质的研究"则同时具有"解释的"和"实征的"的特征。量的研究既是"实征的",也是"实证的";而质的研究在研究的形态上是"实征的",但其哲学基础不是"实证的"。
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| 关 键 词： | 范式 质的研究 量的研究 定性研究 行动研究 |
The Positioning of Qualitative Research from the Perspective of Paradigm |
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| Authors: | Chen Xiangming professor at School of Education Peking University Director centre for Basic Education and Teachers' Education Peking University |
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| Institution: | Beijing 100871 |
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| Abstract: | "Paradigm" is something shared by the members of science community, which is the entirety consisting of mutual belief, value and technology. Combining with paradigm and its supporting research approach or method, quantitative research belongs to "positivism" paradigm and qualitative research mainly belongs to "interpretivism" paradigm, while "action research" belongs to the paradigm of "critical theory" . Viewing from the value orientation of research, all of the "positivism" and its quantitative research as well as "interpretivism" and its qualitative research belong to academic orientation, whose major objective is to seek truth and to know and understand what it is, while critical theory and its action research belong to "praxis orientation" , whose major objective is to seek goodness and beauty, and to explore and promote "what should be" . "'Ding xing' research" has the characteristics of being "speculative" and "interpretative" , while "qualitative research" has the characteristics of being "interpretative" and "empirical" . Quantitative research is both "empirical" and "positive" ; while qualitative research is "empirical" in the form of research but its philosophy basis is not "positive" . |
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| Keywords: | paradigm qualitative research quantitative research "ding xing" research action research |
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