| 完善草地资源管理制度探析 |
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| 引用本文： | 杨理.完善草地资源管理制度探析[J].内蒙古大学学报(人文社会科学版),2008,40(6):33-36. |
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| 作者姓名： | 杨理 |
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| 作者单位： | 内蒙古大学经济管理学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010021 |
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| 摘 要： | 中国草地资源管理的两个基本制度存在明显的缺陷。草原家庭承包制的产权缺乏排他性和强制性，承包以后没有解决反而是恶化了草原的“公地的悲剧”问题，而草畜平衡管理又因为监管标准太复杂，交易成本太高而难以执行，这是导致草原严重退化的主要原因之一。因此，中国草地资源管理制度应采取新的改革思路：草原地区的家庭承包制要有所创新，可以以家庭为单位承包，但不应鼓励以家庭为单位来利用；草畜平衡管理应由侧重监管牧户对草场的经营过程的“审批监管”模式改为以草原质量为依据、以税收等市场经济手段为主体的“市场经济管理”新模式。
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| 关 键 词： | 草原家庭承包制 草畜平衡管理制度 新制度经济学 产权 |
Perfecting the Grassland Resource Management System |
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| YANG Li.Perfecting the Grassland Resource Management System[J].Journal of Inner Mongolia University(Humanities & Social Sciences),2008,40(6):33-36. |
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| Authors: | YANG Li |
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| Institution: | YANG Li ( School of Economics and Management, Inner Mongolia University, Huhhot 010021, China) |
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| Abstract: | There are some vital faults in grassland management system.The household responsibility system in grassland have not protected property right enough because of lack of exclusion and enforcement.After the household responsibility system in grassland had been put in force,the tragedy of the commons in pasturing area have become worsen.Moreover,regulation criterions was so complex and transaction cost was so high that the livestock-forage balance management could not hold the overgrazing effectively.This thesis proposes new reform methods: the household responsibility system in grassland should be contracted in household only in benefit allocation,not in grassland utilization,and the household responsibility system in grassland should encourage the cooperation among herders,instead of building so small ranches in grassland;the livestock-forage balance management should not focus on the quantity balance between forage grass and livestock,but based on the quality of grassland,and reconstruct a new livestock-forage balance management which adjust the grassland utilization by economic instruments,such as tax. |
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| Keywords: | the household responsibility system in grassland the livestock-forage balance management the new institution economics property rights |
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