| 作为国家战略的高等教育国际化：
一项多国比较研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 文 雯,王嵩迪,常伶颖.作为国家战略的高等教育国际化：
一项多国比较研究[J].复旦教育论坛,2023,21(1):112-120；128. |
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| 作者姓名： | 文 雯 王嵩迪 常伶颖 |
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| 作者单位： | 清华大学 教育研究院 |
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| 基金项目： | 北京市教育科学“十三五”规划2018年度课题“北京市教育国际合作现状与发展趋势研究”（AEBA18005） |
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| 摘 要： | 生存环境恶化、公共卫生危机频发、地缘政治动荡以及逆全球化趋势等一系列人类共同面临的世界性难题给各国高等教育国际化进程带来考验。在此背景下,高等教育在全球、国家、高校等多个空间场域中被各种主体力量塑造,高等教育国际化的行动场变得愈发复杂。然而,过去十年来的全球趋势是国家的作用愈发凸显,越来越多的国家将高等教育国际化与外交战略、科技创新、经济发展和人才规划等方面统筹谋划,以立法、战略规划、资金支持等形式将高等教育国际化纳入国家战略,与世纪之交时以高校为主体主导国际化发展的偶发性、碎片化、边缘化特征有较大区别。本研究从国家战略的利益相关者、动因和实施路径三个维度比较了近十年来美国、英国、澳大利亚、德国、俄罗斯、日本、马来西亚、印度、土耳其等九国高等教育国际化的特点与发展趋势。研究发现：高等教育国际化的趋同性特点包括高等教育国际化作为国家战略与科技、人才战略成为一揽子战略方案,战略制定动因由“国际贡献”向“国家贡献”倾斜,世界一流大学建设成为战略行动新趋势等;各国政府在高等教育国际化战略中的功能、动因、行动路线上存在差异。研究对我国谋划高等教育国际化的国家战略具有借鉴作用。
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| 关 键 词： | 高等教育国际化 国家战略 多国比较 比较教育 |
Internationalization of Higher Education as a National Strategy: A Multi-country Comparative Study |
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| WEN Wen,WANG Songdi,CHANG Lingying.Internationalization of Higher Education as a National Strategy: A Multi-country Comparative Study[J].Fudan Education Forum,2023,21(1):112-120；128. |
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| Authors: | WEN Wen WANG Songdi CHANG Lingying |
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| Institution: | Institute of Education, Tsinghua University |
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| Abstract: | The internationalization of higher education in various countries has been challenged by a series of global issues that are common to all humankind, such as the deterioration of living environment, frequent public health crises, geopolitical instability, and the trend of counter-globalization. In this context, higher education is shaped by various stakeholders'' forces in multiple spatial fields such as global, national and institutional, and the action field of internationalization of higher education has become more and more complex. However, the global trend in the past decade is that the role of the state has become more and more prominent, and increasingly more countries have integrated the internationalization of higher education with diplomatic strategies, scientific and technological innovation, economic development and talent planning, and have incorporated it into national strategies in the form of legislation and strategic planning. This trend is quite different from the episodic, fragmented and marginalized characteristics of internationalization development led by universities at the turn of the century. The study compares the characteristics and development trends of national strategies for internationalization of higher education in nine countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Russia, Australia, Japan, Malaysia, India, and Turkey, in terms of the three dimensions of stakeholders, motivations and paths. It is found that the convergence characteristics of higher education internationalization include the national strategy of higher education internationalization, science and technology, and talent strategy become a strategic package, the motivation of strategy formulation from "international contribution" to "national contribution", and the construction of world-class universities as a new trend of strategic action. There are differences in the functions, motivations, and action routes of governments in the internationalization strategy of higher education. The study has implications for China to plan the national strategy for the internationalization of higher education. |
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| Keywords: | internationalization of higher education national strategy multi-country comparison comparative education |
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