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依恋理论由鲍尔拜提出后相关研究深入展开,依恋学说成为研究亲子关系和恋爱关系的理论框架。依恋关系存在于各年龄段。养育质量、母爱缺乏与剥夺、婴儿气质、家庭氛围都是影响依恋的因素。 相似文献
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陶新华 《中小学心理健康教育》2022,(23):51-53
一、同床而眠与依恋关系的建立任何家庭中诞生的孩子都具有独特的本能--“母子一体”“母子连心”,孩子与父母同床而眠是建立依恋关系的重要过程,这种安全的依恋关系对于孩子的健康成长非常重要。婴儿期有心理“印刻”现象,如果出生后与父母同床共衾而眠,更易于“印刻”父母,长大后与父母的关系更加亲近。所以自古以来,父母自己带孩子睡觉的习惯还是有重要意义的。现在的父母不能简单地以自己带不好,或者夜间翻身会压坏自己的孩子为借口,错失建立良好关系的机会。 相似文献
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目的:了解大学生依恋类型与抑郁状况之间的关系。方法:对281名大学生进行亲密关系经历量表和流调中心用抑郁量表测验。结果:1.大学生群体的依恋类型分布为安全型依恋类型占14.9%,惧怕型占41.3%,专注型和冷淡型分别为21.4%和22.4%。2.不同依恋类型的大学生在抑郁状况方面的差异显著,事后多重比较发现安全型的抑郁状况显著低于其他三种类型,而其他类型之间的差异不显著。3.抑郁与依恋回避、依恋焦虑之间均存在显著的正相关。结论:抑郁与成人依恋类型之间存在密切的关系。 相似文献
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依恋是促进亲密关系的重要因素,自从依恋概念提出之始,心理学家就从不同的角度对其进行研究,目前对成人依恋的研究主要集中在婚恋依恋以及依恋与工作的关系上面.该文对成人依恋的研究成果进行了总结. 相似文献
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本研究主要采用问卷调查法,以"青少年依恋问卷"为测量工具对983名中学生进行施测,探讨青少年亲子依恋、同伴依恋与学业成绩的关系。结果发现:(1)青少年父亲依恋、母亲依恋、同伴依恋与学业成绩呈显著正相关,说明青少年的依恋水平越好,其学业成绩就越好。(2)父亲依恋、母亲依恋能显著预测学业成绩,而同伴依恋对学业成绩的预测作用不显著。 相似文献
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根据儿童早期的依恋性质可以预测其以后行为发展的“性向假设”.本文将依恋理论划分为早期依恋理论和成人依恋理论,并对这两类依恋理论进行回顾和评析,最后就依恋理论中的争议问题做阐述. 相似文献
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依恋是儿童内在的心理安全需求,安全型依恋的形成有助于其发展。父母抚养质量、儿童自身特点和家庭与社会环境均对依恋风格的形成具有重要影响,为提高依恋质量,构建良好的依恋关系,父母应保证抚养质量,创造与孩子共处的机会,顺应儿童自身特点因势利导教育,家园合作共同完成儿童由亲子依恋向师幼依恋的过渡。 相似文献
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采用李同归修订的亲密关系经历量表(ECR)和恋爱满意度问卷(RST)对郑州大学230名大学生进行调查,探讨大学生依恋类型与恋爱满意度的关系。结果表明大学生在依恋回避和依恋焦虑两个维度上差异显著;安全型大学生所占比例最高(68%);安全型被试恋爱关系满意度较高,而害怕型被试恋爱关系满意度较低。 相似文献
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为考察中学生父母以及同伴依恋的特点,并探索三者对社会适应的作用,本文采用《青少年依恋问卷》和《青少年社会适应评估问卷》对527名学生进行调查。研究结果显示:学生对同伴的依恋程度最高,其次是母亲依恋,最低为父亲依恋;高一年级学生对父母和同伴的依恋程度最高;女生对同伴依恋的程度较男生更高,而对母亲和父亲的依恋没有性别差异;同伴依恋受到父亲依恋和母亲依恋的双重影响,与父母有良好依恋关系的学生也倾向于具有较好的同伴依恋关系;母亲和同伴依恋对学生的积极适应有直接的正向影响,对消极适应具有直接负向影响;父亲依恋对积极和消极社会适应的影响要通过同伴依恋来发生,母亲依恋对社会适应的总效应最大,既可直接预测社会适应,也能通过同伴依恋发生间接影响。 相似文献
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旅游者所依恋的形成机制及其对旅游地的管理启示正逐渐成为旅游界关注的焦点。文章从＂场所依恋＂形成的逻辑基础着手,提出了旅游者所依恋的形成机制：旅游者通过偶然性和意向性学习,习得了关于场所（旅游地）的信息,在个人价值系统判断的基础上形成一阶依恋。旅游者到场所开展旅游活动后,所产生的情感依恋和行为依恋,合称为二阶依恋。同时,也可能产生依恋转移,依恋转移会削弱甚至消退一阶依恋。根据旅游者场所依恋的形成机制,从符号消费、场所神圣化等角度进行了详细讨论,进而分析了提升旅游者场所依恋水平的一般技术线路。 相似文献
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In attachment research, there has been a growing interest in how adults conceptualize their relationships with their own parents as well as in the transmission of attachment status from parent to child and the variables that influence that transmission. The primary goal of the present study was to examine the transmission of attachment from deaf mother to child. Adult Attachment Interviews were collected on 32 deaf women and Strange Situation Procedure data were obtained from their children. While the distribution of deaf mother attachment classifications was similar to that found with hearing samples, the concordance between mother and child in terms of attachment status was lower than in hearing samples. Having a deaf parent did not affect a deaf adult's attachment status. Post hoc analyses suggested a trend towards a dismissing stance in attachment relationships. Results are discussed in terms of variables affecting attachment status as well as the transmission of attachment. 相似文献
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Attachment is the emotional bond between children and their caregivers (parents or otherwise). Infants and young children usually have more than one selective attachment, and all of these attachment relationships, including those between children and teachers, have important effects on cognitive and social development. Secure attachment to a preschool teacher may help children to improve their preschool experience. Recent studies suggest that the adverse effect of inadequate preschool experiences can lead to skill deficiencies that mimic the effects of basic cognitive deficits. This study evaluates the relationships among attachment to preschool teachers, school readiness, and the risk for developing learning difficulties in preschoolers using three measures: the School Readiness 4-5 battery, the Precocious Identification of Learning Difficulties, and the Attachment Q Set. This study examined 152 preschoolers. The results showed that attachment to preschool teachers is related to linguistic development level, the psychomotor skills involved in school readiness, and learning difficulty risk. 相似文献
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Attention to Faces Expressing Negative Emotion at 7 Months Predicts Attachment Security at 14 Months 
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下载免费PDF全文 Mikko J. Peltola Linda Forssman Kaija Puura Marinus H. van IJzendoorn Jukka M. Leppänen 《Child development》2015,86(5):1321-1332
To investigate potential infant‐related antecedents characterizing later attachment security, this study tested whether attention to facial expressions, assessed with an eye‐tracking paradigm at 7 months of age (N = 73), predicted infant–mother attachment in the Strange Situation Procedure at 14 months. Attention to fearful faces at 7 months predicted attachment security, with a smaller attentional bias to fearful expressions associated with insecure attachment. Attachment disorganization in particular was linked to an absence of the age‐typical attentional bias to fear. These data provide the first evidence linking infants' attentional bias to negative facial expressions with attachment formation and suggest reduced sensitivity to facial expressions of negative emotion as a testable trait that could link attachment disorganization with later behavioral outcomes. 相似文献
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ObjectivesMaltreatment is linked with poor health outcomes. Attachment and affect regulation may mitigate the long-term impact of these adverse experiences on health outcomes. Little is known about the relative impact of maternal versus paternal maltreatment and interparental violence (IPV) on general health status of female and male youth.MethodThe present study examined the impact of exposure to maternal and paternal emotional and physical maltreatment, neglect, IPV, and cumulative maltreatment exposure in adolescence on general physical health problems reported five years later. High-risk youth (N = 179; Mage = 15.34, SD = 1.53; 46.4% female) self-reported maltreatment experiences, attachment insecurity, and affect dysregulation at Time 1; and affect dysregulation and physical health five years later at Time 2.ResultsAttachment insecurity accounted for the effect of maternal and paternal emotional maltreatment, and maternal and paternal cumulative maltreatment exposure, on physical health. Additionally, attachment insecurity accounted for the effect of paternal neglect on physical health. Further sex differences were found with regard to maltreatment type and are discussed.ConclusionBoth maternal and paternal maltreatment in adolescence predicted poor general health five years later via attachment insecurity. Youth who lack a secure attachment with their parents are most vulnerable to these impacts. 相似文献
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文章介绍了依附理论在拉丁美洲的产生、发展,依附理论的分类及其各自强调的重点。关于该理论在比较教育中的运用,主要介绍了比较教育中依附理论的关键性概念如"中心"与"边缘"、"不平等"的世界教育和新殖民主义等。依附理论虽然也存在自身不足,但无论运用其分析世界或国内的高等教育、知识的生产和传播方面都会给我们以启示。 相似文献
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Continuity in attachment classification from infancy to late adolescence was examined and related to autobiographical memories of childhood, divorce, and maladjustment. Eighty-four White middle-class children (48 girls) were seen in a modified Strange Situation at 12 months and given the Adult Attachment Interview at 18 years. In addition, data were collected on 13-year-olds' childhood recollections as well as adolescent, mother, and teacher ratings of maladjustment at 13 and 18 years of age. Divorce status of parents also was obtained. Results indicated no continuity in attachment classification from 1 to 18 years of age and no relation between infant attachment status and adolescent maladjustment. Divorce was related to 13-year-olds' childhood recollections as well as to insecure attachment status at 18 years. Eighteen-year-olds with insecure attachment classification were more likely to rate themselves as maladjusted. The results support the idea of attachment as an evolving representation dependent upon the nature of the family environment as indexed by divorce. 相似文献
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This study examined whether child abuse history in teen mothers impacts offspring externalizing problems indirectly, through its influence on attachment and maternal hostility. In a longitudinal sample of 112 teen mother–child dyads, mothers reported on their own abuse experiences, attachment and maternal hostility were assessed via direct observations, and externalizing problems were measured using maternal reports. Compared with mothers with no abuse history, mothers with a history of sexual and physical abuse were more likely to have an insecurely attached infant, which predicted higher externalizing problems in preschool, which in turn predicted subsequent increases in externalizing problems in Grade 3. Furthermore, relative to the no abuse history group, mothers with a history of sexual and physical abuse showed more hostility toward their child at preschool, which in turn predicted elevated externalizing problems in Grade 3. Mothers’ history of either sexual or physical abuse alone did not have significant indirect effects on externalizing problems. Fostering secure attachment and reducing risk for maternal hostility might be important intervention goals for prevention programs involving at-risk mothers with abuse histories. 相似文献
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Current attachment theory hypothesizes that attachment security during infancy influences individual differences in adult representations of attachment. We present three long-term longitudinal studies using three different samples relevant to this hypothesis. Each study assesses infant attachment by using the Ainsworth Strange Situation and adult attachment by using the Berkeley Adult Attachment Interview (AAI). Attachment security was significantly stable in the first two studies. Discontinuity in all three studies was related to negative life events and circumstances. Comparison of the results across these complementary studies affords a degree of replication and sheds light on alternative interpretations. Various mechanisms underlying the stability and instability of attachment security are discussed. 相似文献