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《Research Policy》2022,51(5):104508
Despite the global consensus about the growing significance of renewables, the regional drivers of innovation in these unique and novel technologies have been widely neglected in the literature. In this paper, we show that renewable energy (RE) inventions differ from other green inventions in the knowledge recombination processes leading to their generation as well as in their impact on subsequent inventions. The evidence on these specificities of RE technologies allows us hypothesizing that regional branching in renewables may rely on relatedness differently than other non-RE green technologies. In checking this hypothesis, we use a data set spanning the period 1981-2015 covering 277 European NUTS2 regions in the EU28 countries plus Norway. We obtain that relatedness is highly relevant in explaining regional specialization in RE, and more relevant than for other green technologies, which we associate to the lower generality in their impact and the narrower scope of the knowledge from which they nurture. This conclusion is maintained when considering separately regions with high and low development levels. However, the impact of relatedness increases for RE as the regional economic development decreases, signalling that a low endowment of resources and capabilities does not allow the region to break from its past technological specialization, depending more on relatedness. This would not be the case for other green technologies, probably due to their higher level of generality and wider scope. 相似文献
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We analyse the role of creative workers in the region as a source and foundational element of regional innovation in the European Union. We show the empirical relevance of this factor – which we label inspiration – within the structure of a recursive model of regional innovation for a set of 83 European regions. We show that, when differentiated from the presence of regional intelligence – as measured by the availability of human capital – and from technological infrastructure, inspiration, along with the degree of development of national and regional institutions, has the strongest direct and indirect effects on regional patenting activity. 相似文献
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运用空间计量方法和经济计量方法实证研究了技术创新的空间溢出对我国区域工业经济增长的影响以及研发经费投入、研发人力投入和政府区域优惠政策的空间溢出在区域技术创新中的作用。研究结果发现:当前技术创新的空间溢出对我国区域工业经济增长具有明显的推动效应;研发经费、研发人员和政府区域优惠政策都对区域技术创新起到了积极的作用,但研发经费和研发人员投入的空间溢出却对区域技术创新产生微弱的负面影响。 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2023,52(4):104727
The aim of this study is to investigate technological diversity in the knowledge search and the knowledge output stages of the green inventive process. Exploiting a large sample of European patent data, from 1980 to 2013, the paper explores the degree of diversity in green inventions, comparing the recombinant features of green technologies with a control sample of non-green technologies selected through propensity score matching techniques. Empirical results suggest that green technologies show a higher degree of diversity of the knowledge sources and a higher technological diversity in how knowledge is effectively recombined. We further find that the green diversity premium is higher in the knowledge output phase than in the knowledge search phase. We conclude that the assessment of the role of technological diversity along the different phases of the invention process may improve the appropriate organization of innovative activities and policy design necessary for stimulating green technological developments and support a feasible sustainable transition. 相似文献
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中国近年来水资源利用效率的省际差异:技术进步还是技术效率 总被引：8，自引：4，他引：4
水资源可持续利用是我国经济社会发展的战略问题,其核心是提高水资源利用效率。本文使用2003年-2009年中国30个省区的面板数据,选取基于投入导向的DEA模型,测算出各省全要素水资源利用效率,通过Ma-lmquist指数测算出技术效率、技术进步和全要素生产率,再将面板数据分区域对技术效率和技术进步对水资源利用效率的影响进行分析。研究结果表明:我国近年来水资源利用效率变化的分界点出现在2007年,东部、中部和西部地区的水资源利用效率依次递减;技术进步和技术效率的增长都可导致水资源利用效率的改善,但技术进步由于回弹效应使得影响值较小;技术进步对中部地区水资源利用效率提高最为明显,而对西部地区效果较差。 相似文献
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基于海洋资源消耗强度内涵,测度中国沿海省区1996—2015年海洋资源消耗强度,揭示其时空演化特征,运用改进的对数均值迪式指数分解法（LMDI）建立因素分解模型,分析中国海洋资源消耗强度变动的因素贡献并进行差异比较。结果表明：①1996—2015年,中国海洋资源消耗强度总体呈先上升后稳步下降的态势,第一产业资源消耗强度平稳下降,第二、三产业资源消耗强度与中国海洋资源消耗强度变动趋势基本同步;空间格局演化上,海洋资源消耗中高强度省区逐渐减少,低强度省区逐渐增多,区域差异逐步缩小;②技术进步效应、产业结构效应和区域规模效应对我国海洋资源消耗强度下降的贡献率分别为78.224%、18.334%和3.442%;沿海各省区的因素分解效应差异显著,其中福建以技术进步效应为主,浙江、山东和海南以技术进步效应和区域规模效应为主,天津、河北和江苏以技术进步效应和产业结构效应为主,辽宁、上海、广东和广西则是技术进步效应、产业结构效应和区域规模效应共同推动海洋资源消耗强度下降;③从海洋三次产业来看,技术进步效应在第二产业内部贡献最大,累计占比为77.118%;产业结构效应在第一产业内部贡献最大,累计占比为314.547%;区域规模效应在三次产业内部无明显差异。各省区推行海洋三次产业资源集约利用技术或措施时应有所区别和侧重。 相似文献
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In the defence industry the recent development of a ‘market for technology’, the creation of new European high-technology companies as well as transformations in government agencies have driven firms to reposition their technological and organizational skills. Our objective is to show that the transformations that have occurred in the past 10 years have not only redefined skills and the organization of production, but also have given a more strategic place to knowledge management (KM) practices. We provide a contextual and historical overview based on qualitative interviews, in order to better understand the relation between KM and innovative behaviour in this industry. We build an original industrial and technological database comprising various samples that provides quantitative information concerning KM and innovative practices. The results of the statistical analysis reveal the specificity of firms in this industry. Taking account of the size of these firms and their technological intensity, we show that the behaviour of defence industry firms in terms of KM practices, differs from that of other firms. This is evident from their technological performance, and innovation and patenting intensity. This structural tendency is explained as an innovative behaviour in the French national innovation system rather than merely a ‘trend’. 相似文献
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基于生态学原理,构建种群竞争模型。利用logistic模型测算研究样本的种群互动关系。选取全国总体以及浙江、江苏、上海、广东等发达地区的工业企业种群为研究样本。研究发现多数研究区域的工业企业处于种群协同状态。以全要素生产率指标表示技术进步。测算工业企业种群投入产出指标的Malmquist指数,得到技术进步、技术变化和效率变化的趋势。结果表明,2000年以来的经济高速增长过程中,技术变化对技术进步的贡献比较高;技术效率的贡献度不高;技术变化与技术进步有着相同的变化趋势;技术变化与技术进步的变化没有出现明显收敛;工业企业种群协同态势下技术进步明显,技术进步主要依赖技术变化,技术效率改进空间较大。 相似文献
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基于中国2007-2018年的省级面板数据,利用空间杜宾模型比较独立和协同情景中科技创新与科技创业的"本地-邻地"就业效应,并考察科技创新与科技创业在门槛约束下对就业的差异性影响.结果 表明,科技创新对本地和经济距离邻近地区就业具有促进作用,但科技创业未能对本地和邻地就业产生显著影响;科技创新与科技创业的协同对本地就业存在积极作用,且能同时带动地理和经济距离邻近地区的就业;提高科技创业水平能够抑制科技创新对就业的破坏作用,而提高科技创新水平能够强化科技创业对就业促进作用. 相似文献
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The centrality of firms vis-à-vis regions underlines a general contrast between two models of producing innovations. This paper uses a new database composed of 4262 European chemical patents applied by 693 firms during 1987–1996 to compare the relative effect of firm and regional characteristics on the production of technological “hits” (highly cited patents). By using extensive controls, the main finding of the paper is that technological hits in the “traditional” chemical sectors are explained only by R&D intensity at the firm level and the scale of the research projects. Firm competencies, particularly technological specialisation, are still important in biotechnology. However, the distinct feature of the biotechnology model is that localised knowledge spillovers also matter. 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2022,51(8):104170
Knowledge creation is widely considered as the central driver for innovation, and accordingly, for creating competitive advantage. However, most measurement approaches have so far mainly focused on the quantitative dimension of knowledge creation, neglecting that not all knowledge has the same value (Balland and Rigby, 2017). The notion of knowledge complexity has come into use in this context just recently as an attempt to measure the quality of knowledge in terms of its uniqueness and its replicability. The central underlying assumption is that more complex knowledge is more difficult to be replicated, and therefore provides a higher competitive advantage for firms, or at an aggregated level, regions and countries. The objective of this study is to advance and apply measures for regional knowledge complexity to a set of European regions, and to highlight its potential in a regional policy context. This is done by, first, characterising the spatial distribution of complex knowledge in Europe and its dynamics in recent years, second, establishing that knowledge complexity is associated with future regional economic growth, and third, illustrating the usefulness of the measures by means of some policy relevant example applications. We proxy the production of complex knowledge with a regional knowledge complexity index (KCI) that is based on regional patent data of European metropolitan regions from current EU and EFTA member countries. The results are promising as the regional KCI unveils knowledge creation patterns not observed by conventional measures. Moreover, regional complexity measures can be easily combined with relatedness metrics to support policy makers in a smart specialisation context. 相似文献
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数字普惠金融作为数字技术驱动金融包容性增长的新金融形式，无论在服务范围和触达能力的规模层面，还是在与信息技术深度融合的功能层面，均能更精准化支持技术创新。本文首先基于A&H模型与内生增长模型，嵌入金融超发展非线性影响关系，并借助数值模拟方法，揭示数字普惠金融规模和效率层面的不同阈值对技术创新的非对称传导机制和影响特征。其次沿着功能视角，深入我国2011~2018年地级市数据，运用门限模型实证检验数字普惠金融阈值对技术创新的影响，结果发现：（1）数字普惠金融对技术创新存在非对称影响，在不同阈值范围内对技术创新影响程度不同；（2）数字普惠金融在覆盖广度、使用深度等规模层面对技术创新表现为明显的超过合理阈值后的递减影响特征，在数字化程度等功能层面表现为持续的正向促进影响；（3）数字普惠金融对技术创新影响存在显著的区域差异。对于东部地区，金融规模过度扩张表现出不同阈值的边际递减效应，而金融效率可以保持正向促进影响；对于中西部地区，二者均表现出正向促进作用。本研究表明，数字普惠金融促进技术创新中的功能层面改善是突破规模瓶颈的重要手段。 相似文献
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通过运用DEA-Malmquist指数对我国2006-2016年省级科技服务业发展的技术效率以及全要素生产率进行测度,结果表明：科技服务业整体发展效率较低,已有生产要素投入潜力未能得到有效挖掘,处于规模不经济状态;科技服务业TFP以年均9.8%的速度增长,其中主要源动力来自技术进步变化,而技术效率变化对TFP增长的贡献较弱;生产率指数区域发展不均衡,高水平与较高水平区逐渐从东部地区向中西部地区扩散,地区间技术效率变化差异显著。要促使科技服务业效率提高,需要加大研发投入促进自主创新,完善制度环境加强管理创新,因地制宜缩小区域差异等。 相似文献
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金融发展的内涵包括金融规模、银行业结构、金融生态环境3个主要方面,从这3个角度剖析金融发展对技术创新的作用机理。基于我国30个省份的面板数据,利用因子分析法衡量各省份技术创新能力,比较不同地区技术创新水平的差异;基于因子分析结果,建立全国范围、东部、中部、西部地区的静态面板模型,比较分析不同地区的金融发展对技术创新的影响及成因。研究结果表明:(1)我国金融发展与技术创新水平均呈上升趋势,但区域之间存在差异且发展水平为东部中部西部;(2)发展良好的金融体系能够促进技术创新;(3)股票市场的发展相比商业银行规模的扩大更有利于技术创新;(4)银行业竞争程度越低越不利于技术创新水平的提高;(5)信用环境的改善能够显著推动技术创新;(6)外资投入带来的技术外溢未能被当地企业"消化吸收",且这种作用在东部地区较中、西部地区更为明显。 相似文献
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Brett Anitra Gilbert 《Research Policy》2012,41(4):734-742
The fate of regions and industries are often intertwined. When industries thrive, regions and their constituents benefit. However, when industries decline, regions often require new paradigms to replace the old paradigms, and infuse new economic life into the region. This study enhances understanding of the regional characteristics that hinder or promote creative destruction. It enlightens the field on the geographic origins of creative destruction by theorizing about a region's structural (determined by industry clustering and regional knowledge), social demography and political economy attributes, and their influence on the region's capacity to incubate creative destruction. 相似文献
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从偏向性技术进步这一角度,采用LMDI指数分解法、回归法相结合的方法研究我国能源强度变动的原因,从而对我国能源强度不断下降的现象作出解释。得到的主要结论有:第一,从外生偏向性技术进步下的能源强度增长情况而言,能源增长型技术水平的提升显著地影响了我国的能源强度,能源价格与技术水平的提高可以分别解释28%与72%的能源强度变化;第二,就内生偏向性技术水平提升下的能源强度增长而言,二产比重、能源价格、研发投入是影响我国能源强度变动的主要原因,改革开放以来我国能源强度不断下降的主要原因是研发投入的快速增长和能源价格的提高。 相似文献
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基于诱致性技术创新理论,从偏向性技术进步的视角分析玉米产业节本增效途径。研究发现：2004-2018年玉米产业的生产率为降低趋势,主要是因为其技术进步率的降低导致生产率的损失。技术进步对玉米产出增长的贡献率达到40%以上,机械投入对产出增长的贡献率超过30%。玉米产业表现出较强的机械要素替代劳动力要素,但生物化学要素对土地要素的替代效应并没有很显著。玉米产业的技术进步路径表现为从提高土地生产率的生物化学型向提高劳动生产率的机械型技术进步模式转变,这与我国玉米产业技术发展趋势和地理特征有关。研究价值：为玉米产业实现技术进步和节本增效提供参考依据,对促进我国区域玉米技术进步、保证我国粮食安全具有重要理论和现实意义。 相似文献
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This paper examines the relationship between the economic growth of European regions and their knowledge and human capital endowments. The share of adult population with tertiary education and the intensity of R&D expenditures in value-added emerge as the most effective factors enhancing the growth of GDP per capita recorded, during 1995–2002, by the regions belonging to twelve countries of the former EU15. However, while the educational variable is effective for the whole regional set, the impact of R&D is significant only for the regions that are above a given threshold of per capita GDP. Moreover, remarkable disparities arise among the regions of different countries. In particular, only within North European countries there is a significant relationship between regional growth and the intensity of R&D and higher education. The policy implications of both findings are discussed. 相似文献