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This paper reviews major research findings on social cognition in gifted adolescents. We discuss interpersonal and intrapersonal perceptions of giftedness (i.e., how gifted students view themselves, and how they perceive others’ views of them), the social coping strategies of this population (e.g., denying and hiding one's giftedness, conforming to mask giftedness, and helping others), and the gender, age, and self-concept differences shown in strategy choice when interacting with others. Results suggest that both American and Chinese gifted students employ social coping strategies to manage the visibility of their abilities in social situations, and there is a consistent link between coping strategy and self-concepts; but the findings with regard to social cognitive strategies, themselves, are conflicting. Implications of these findings and recommendations are presented. 相似文献
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Arthur J. Cropley 《High Ability Studies》1994,5(1):6-23
Recent years have seen substantial changes in the conceptualization of giftedness: incorporation of gifts in areas other than those emphasized in school, emphasis on qualitative aspects (patterns and structures rather than levels) and acceptance of the importance of noncognitive factors in giftedness (e.g., motivation, self‐image, feelings). A further broadening has involved steadily increasing emphasis on creativity, which is seen as interacting with conventional intelligence to yield “true” giftedness. Creativity itself involves both cognition and noncognitive factors such as emotion, motivation and social influences. Fostering of giftedness requires encouragement of creativity, and especially of intense interest, prolonged effort, the feeling of not being alone and the joy of achieving. 相似文献
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刘光耀 《洛阳师范学院学报》2001,20(6):17-20
经验认识以客观世界为认识对象 ,但它本身并不独立自足 ,而要以先验认识为其先在预设。先验认识虽可作为经验认识的预设 ,但它本身亦不自足 ,需要以超验认识为其预设。超验认识独立自存 ,是人类认识的终极源泉 ,人的认识乃是对超验认识的聆听与应答 相似文献
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语言世界图景的实质是作为认知主体的人以自身的感知体验为基础,以具有民族文化特性的语言为中介,对客观现实世界的一种认知再现。语言世界图景理论研究就是以语言、思维/认知、现实三者相互关系为主要内容的语言学研究,主要包括该理论的形成和发展、哲学渊源、研究的目的和方法。 相似文献
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Robert J. Sternberg 《Roeper Review》2017,39(3):213-219
In this essay, I respond to commentators on my article on the Active Concerned Citizenship and Ethical Leadership (ACCEL) model for understanding giftedness. I cover a number of topics that arose in or out of the commentaries, in particular, systems inertia; toxic leadership; teaching for creativity; flight from reality; the role of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) in teaching for wisdom; the developmental nature of giftedness; making a positive, meaningful, and enduring difference; IQ as a diagnostic tool rather than as a gatekeeper; meeting the needs of marginalized young people; teacher education; and retrospective studies. I conclude that the differences among all of us in this symposium are small and that we all agree that a model like ACCEL—whatever its exact terms—is needed to move the field of giftedness beyond a preoccupation with abilities, narrowly defined. 相似文献
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Cognitive Development in Gifted Children: Toward a More Precise Understanding of Emerging Differences in Intelligence 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
To truly understand gifted performance, it is necessary to merge research on giftedness with current thinking in cognitive development and intelligence. This article presents traditional research on gifted children's cognitive development then considers how the application of newer models and theories from the field of cognitive development can be combined with research on giftedness to change the way people think about gifted performance. First four factors that have often been associated with giftedness are discussed from the perspectives of cognitive developmental psychology and gifted education. Next, emphasis is placed on investigating the strategic development of gifted children. Specifically, R. S. Siegler's (Emerging Minds: The Process of Change in Children's
Thinking, Oxford University Press, New York, 1996) model of strategy development is addressed in terms of what it may contribute to understanding gifted cognition. Finally, future lines of research using models from cognitive development and complex systems models of development are recommended. 相似文献
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孙凤芹 《山东教育学院学报》2007,22(2):100-102
人以“体认”的方式认识世界,认知离不开人的身体经验。语言作为认知的产物和对世界进行范畴化的工具就体现了人的经验。人的生理结构以及所处环境的大致相似性决定了经验和认知模式的相似性,这是翻译中可译性的认知基础。但是不同民族所处具体环境的差异和不同文化背景对人具体认识事物的影响使得不同民族的人对事物认识在语言上有不同的表达方式和思维,这是不可译性的原因。 相似文献
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Samuel D. Mandelman Mei Tan Abdullah M. Aljughaiman Elena L. Grigorenko 《Learning and individual differences》2010,20(4):287-297
The concept of intellectual giftedness has had a long history in the literature of psychology and education. However, though the existence of the phenomenon underlying this concept has never actually been disputed, there are multiple ongoing debates regarding its definition, methods for its identification, and subsequent programming. This essay is conceived to contribute to the discussion on intellectual giftedness and to provide a global context for the other articles in this issue. The essay is comprised of three major parts. First, we review the defining terms, contexts and theories historically and currently applied to the understanding of intellectual giftedness. Second, we comment on models used to identify it. Third, we discuss the major influences that directly shape the treatment of giftedness in a number of international settings. 相似文献
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刘亚琍 《佳木斯教育学院学报》2012,(7):355-356
本文探讨了认知语言学的基本认知过程理论对于翻译实践的理论指导作用。语言是人类认知世界的产物,同时也是人类认知世界的工具。基于人类认知世界的相似性,各种不同语言有相似的认知和生成基础,虽然两种语言不可能达到完全的对等,但在认知语言学理论指导下,可以更加准确地进行互译。 相似文献
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周湉 《南昌教育学院学报》2010,25(4):45-46
当代认知语言学认为隐喻是一种人类的认知现象,而基于人类认知的基本规律,人体及其器官是人类认知世界的基础,其隐喻化是人类形成和表达概念的基本途径之一。本文根据认知语言学的隐喻理论探讨人体隐喻的理论基础和认知特点。 相似文献
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Robert J. Sternberg 《Roeper Review》2018,40(2):78-85
Giftedness in science today is largely measured by various kinds of standardized tests—IQ tests, SATs, ACTs, GREs, and so forth. For example, many STEM (science, technology, engineering, math) gifted programs rely at least in part on IQ tests or the SAT for identifying students as gifted. It might be useful to supplement such standard measures with measures that directly measure the skills involved in actual scientific work, such as (a) generating hypotheses, (b) generating experiments, (c) drawing conclusions, (d) reviewing (i.e., analyzing scientific work), (e) editing (i.e., evaluating reviews of scientific work), and (f) evaluating teaching. This article discusses the status of the measurement of scientific giftedness and also describes assessments designed to measure scientific giftedness as well as giftedness in evaluating teaching (an important component of scientific success). 相似文献
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梁景时 《通化师范学院学报》2012,33(5):48-52
感性和理性不应被视为认识过程中独立的两个阶段,而是认识中不可分割的有机组成部分。在人们认识过程中以纯粹感性因素出现的客观状态是不存在的,以净化的理性因素出现的客观状态是没有的。人的认识不是沿着直线前进的,它充满着复杂矛盾的曲折运动。任何死板、僵化和片面性都会把认识引向唯心主义泥坑。主观思维和客观世界都服从于同样的规律,二者的一致要以客观世界的规律被正确认识为前提．使自然、社会领域的辩证法成为概念的辩证法,即使客观的辩证法成为主观的辩证法。人的认识一定要在实践的基础上超越经验水平达到理论水平,从而使经验水平的东西得到论证和说明。经验水平向理论水平提高的行程,完全是一个辩证发展过程,是质量互变规律、对立统一规律和否定规律的具体作用,是最重要的思维形式和思维规律。通过这些规律的永恒运动。在实践的基础上不断接近于客观世界．这就是人类认识的过程。 相似文献
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Kurt A. Heller 《High Ability Studies》1991,2(2):174-188
Following a short discussion of conceptual and theoretical problems of giftedness, the methodological foundations and selected results of a (presently) four year longitudinal study are presented. This study is based on a multidimensional concept of giftedness: intelligence, creativity, social competence, musical ability, psychomotor ability (or practical intelligence). Both academic achievements and leisure activities, as well as cognitive and motivational personality factors and school and family socialisation conditions relevant to giftedness, were studied. During the second project phase developmental aspects and achievement analyses of gifted and normal students aged 6 to 18 years were the central aspects of the study. Finally, methodological problems in the identification of gifted children and adolescents as well as consequences for the nurturing of giftedness are discussed. 相似文献
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石岩 《和田师范专科学校学报》2007,27(5):141-142
隐喻是人们普遍使用的一种认知手段和思维方式,它是利用两种概念之间的相似性,借助一种概念表达另一种概念,即人们认知过程中从源域到目标域之间的映射。但是,世界上的语言不同,各民族对世界的理解也不相同。因此,根植于文化土壤中的隐喻认知,虽然在很大程度上依赖于人类隐喻思维模式的共性,但有时也不可避免表现出鲜明的民族文化特征。所以,汉英民族对颜色域中的红色和red的隐喻认知也不例外。基于此,本文从萨丕尔-沃尔夫假说之文化非同性理论出发,试图探讨汉语颜色词“红”和英语颜色词“red”在两种不同文化中的不同隐喻意义。 相似文献
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自20世纪70年代以来,语言和认知开始结合起来进行研究.认知语言学家认为,人类对世界的认识是通过自身与外部世界互动而产生的.人类通过自身的身体经验来感知现实,研究语言的概念结构和意义,探索语言结构以下深层次的认知方式,并对其作出合理的统一解释.数字除了在科学领域有举足轻重的地位以外,通过数字的隐喻内涵,在认知语言领域也能起到抒情迭意、引起联想的功能.本文主要研究中英文中的数字隐喻现象,进而探讨人类的认知过程. 相似文献
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Michael Clay Thompson 《Roeper Review》2013,35(3):208-209
After over two decades of discussions regarding the identification of giftedness among non‐traditional populations in the United States, the issues remain the same. Many students continue to be under represented in programs for the gifted because of traditional assessment instruments used to identify gifted students. Moreover, the sociocultural influences on giftedness still have not been integrated into the identifying process. This article presents the efforts of a project responding to the need for culturally relevant alternatives to present assessment practices in the identification of giftedness among the rural Mexican American population in the southwest United States. 相似文献
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This study explored Ndebele culture of Zimbabwe's views of giftedness. Using questionnaire narratives, data were collected from thirty Zimbabwean teachers and lecturers of Ndebele cultural background. The study established that Ndebele culture views giftedness as an unusually outstanding ability blessed in an individual from birth, which manifests in extraordinary performances and expertise including creativity and inspirational power. The hallmarks of Ndebele culture's views of giftedness are achieving exceptionally outstanding success, creativity, ability to solve problems and inspirational power. Indigenous views warrant attention since contemporary psychology now recognizes multiple views of giftedness. The study therefore recommends considering the implications of indigenous views in planning and implementing broad‐based culturally sensitive gifted programs in Zimbabwe. 相似文献
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隐喻是一种用来增强语言表达效果的修辞手段,更是人类认知世界的一种基本的思维或概念化模式。人体器官作为人类体验、认识和描述世界的起点和基础,在隐喻认知过程中发挥着至关重要的作用。文章基于人体隐喻理论,对英汉两种语言中的人体内脏器官隐喻现象进行系统的对比研究,着重探讨两种语言在人体内脏器官隐喻化方面的共性和差异,旨在进一步丰富和完善人体隐喻认知的研究,深化人们对人体隐喻理论的认识,以期对英汉语的词汇教学和跨文化交际具有一定的借鉴作用。 相似文献