共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
[目的/意义] 开放科学是由一系列的战略规划和措施组成的实践体系。考察欧盟开放科学实施情况,为我国开放科学运动的开展提供切实可行的参考。[方法/过程] 通过网络调研法和内容分析法,从战略规划、实施路径两方面调研和分析欧盟开放科学实践体系。[结果/结论] 欧盟开放科学实践体系体现了开放科学的整体观,具有高度集成性及灵活性,并在不断地优化和完善。我国应将开放科学计划上升到国家层面,以战略规划和政策为指导,通过建设统一的数字基础设施,开展开放科学技能培训,建立下一代科学计量体系和协同工作机制,确保开放科学实践体系的完整性和协调性。 相似文献
2.
以参加2020年青少年高校科学营的592名中学科学教师为研究对象,采用问卷调查的方法,研究考察了科学教师对于科学精神的理解,以及科学传播活动对科学精神理解的作用。结果显示,中学科学教师更认同包括求实精神和探索精神在内的认识层次的科学精神,以及包括怀疑精神、创新精神在内的功能层次的科学精神。而对于与科研人员行为相关的人文层次的科学精神,如团队精神、平权精神、宽容精神,科学教师的认同程度较低。此外,科学传播活动能够影响科学教师对科学精神的理解,通过参加专家讲座、报告、参观,以及动手实践等活动以降低科学精神的抽象性是教师对科学精神理解的影响机制。最后,讨论了科研人员作为科学精神的载体,在传播过程中的不可替代性,并提出了加深或改变科学教师理解科学精神的可能的方向与路径。 相似文献
3.
Educating future professionals in conservation science: The challenges of an interdisciplinary field
Stavroula Golfomitsou 《文物保护研究》2015,60(6):39-47
Training and education paths in conservation science have been the subject of ongoing debate over the last two decades. A key issue is that conservation science, although not a new field, is not adequately defined, which leads to a lack of consensus regarding the competencies needed. During the ICCROM Forum 2013 on Conservation Science, education for conservation scientists was discussed, with a particular focus on those necessary competencies which exceed the scientific domain. This paper reflects on the outcomes of these discussions as well as the results of surveys carried out by ICCROM in preparation for the Forum on education, job advertisements, and the relationship between conservation professionals and science. Challenges identified included current professional paths, dissemination of scientific findings, use of specialized terminology, and the need for professionals who serve more than one area of specialization. These challenges could be viewed as an opportunity to revise and modify educational programmes. New interactive platforms could be used to facilitate participative science projects, and could change the way projects are carried out in the near future. 相似文献
4.
[目的/意义] 随着社交媒体和电子出版平台的兴起,利用期刊在Twitter上的关注度来评价期刊能够对传统的期刊评价方式进行补充,发现该指标与传统指标之间的相关性关系,并以期最终构建合理的期刊社交网络影响力评价指标。[方法/过程] 根据《期刊引用报告》(Journal Citation Reports,JCR)的社会科学版,选取国际图书情报学领域影响因子前30位的期刊作为该领域的国际顶级期刊。为了研究altmetrics指标与传统的基于引文的评价指标间的相关关系,利用Spearman非参数相关性分析对期刊Twitter提及频次与8个传统指标(总被引数、影响因子、5年期影响因子、即年指标、论文数、引文半衰期、特征因子和论文影响分值)之间的相关性进行分析。[结果/结论] 统计结果显示,JASIST、College & Research Libraries和Scientometrics是本领域中在Twitter上受关注度最高的期刊。期刊Twitter提及频次仅与期刊特征因子间存在中等的显著相关性,与其他指标间存在较弱的相关性。值得注意的是,相比其他期刊,在Twitter上设有官方账号的期刊明显得到更高的关注度。 相似文献
5.
著者科学著述指标及其应用研究 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10
文章应用洛特卡定律、普赖斯定律等研究成果探讨并提出了由科学生产率频率分布指标、不同著述水平著者群的著者率和著文率指标和科学著述能力指标所构成的著者科学著述指标。对1949～1985年中国图书馆学、情报学、档案学著者的应用、比较研究表明(1)该指标能够科学、准确地考察和评价学科著者的科学著述状况;(2)三学科著者的科学著述指标存在明显的差距,图书馆学著者总体处于明显的优势地位。 相似文献
6.
Research methods are applied in all kinds of studies, though no consensus exists regarding what constitutes a research method and how research methods should be categorized. Over 1900 research articles were obtained from three major journals published between 2001 and 2010 in library and information science (LIS). Each selected article was coded using a schema of research methods developed in this study. The coded data, along with related publications, were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. This exploration shows that research methods comprise data collection techniques (e.g., interview, observation) and data analysis techniques (e.g., qualitative, quantitative). Research methods should perhaps be categorized by data collection technique, as it makes more sense than if research methods are labeled as qualitative or quantitative. This study is one of the many efforts to facilitate a better understanding of research methods in LIS and help scholars make more informed decisions about research method selection in their endeavors. Its implications can be extended to LIS research education, training, and advocacy. Because research methods themselves are not discipline-specific, researchers beyond the LIS field would benefit from this study as well. 相似文献
7.
近年来,伴随教育改革,科学中心作为非正式教育的重要场所,逐渐将科学探究作为科学学习的核心。在改革浪潮之下,一些传统的展品理念已无法满足观众从“被动操作工”到“自主探究者”角色转变的需求,同时场馆也需要在展品创作上获得更多自由。本文选取探索馆的一个展品研究项目作为案例,借助对具体展品的观众研究和设计特征分析,详述以转变观众角色为目标的展品设计要点和策略,希望为国内科技馆建设及展品设计研究提供启示与参考。 相似文献
8.
[目的/意义]公众科学是指非传统意义上的科研人员、普通民众参与到科学研究过程的全新科研范式，是新型开放创新模式。分析公众科学的发展趋势与挑战，对我国开展公众科学具有一定的借鉴意义。[方法/过程]通过文献调研、典型案例分析、对比分析等方法分析公众科学的发展、典型公众科学项目、面临问题的基础上，提出发展公众科学的政策建议。[结果/结论]公众科学是一种新型开放创新模式，有助于推动开放科学发展，有益于公民科学素养的提高，有利于公众参与政府决策。应充分认识公众科学的巨大潜力，从政策层面推动公众科学的进步。 相似文献
9.
[目的/意义] 立足国家科技信息资源管理的整体效益,以增强国家科技信息资源综合治理能力为目标,调查科学数据与科研档案管理协同的发展现状,探索相关推进策略。[方法/过程] 综合运用实地调查法、网络调查法、文献研究法、比较研究法和行动研究法,收集中、美、英、澳4个国家的科技主管部门、档案主管部门、科研资助机构、科研机构、科学数据管理机构、档案机构及相关国际组织的相关政策文本和实践材料,展开内容分析和后续研究。[结果/结论] 在政策层面,科学数据管理政策中与档案相关的规定集中体现在将档案馆视作存储基础设施及将归档视为科学数据管理活动;科研档案管理政策中与科学数据相关的规定集中体现在承认科学数据的档案属性,并将其纳入归档范围;科研资助机构的政策要求明确科学数据的归档和保存问题。在实践层面,国外在组织、政策、业务、服务等方面形成相对丰富的协同实践,国内的协同实践则刚刚起步。最后,从体制机制、政策体系、协作模式、业务融合、服务支撑、人才培养等方面提出推进管理协同的发展建议。 相似文献
10.
Ilerbaig J 《美国档案工作者》2010,73(2):463-482
For the past two decades, scholars in archival science have begun to question traditional assumptions about the nature of the record. Drawing on theories from fields such as sociology, organization theory, and science studies, and on their own ethnographic studies, they propose more inclusive definitions and widening the contexts of analysis of record making and recordkeeping. This paper continues this critical consideration of the concept of record by examining the nature of nonprototypical records in the scientific world. The paper focuses on the system of specimens and field notes established by biologist Joseph Grinnell at the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology (University of California, Berkeley) as a means of examining several aspects of the nature of the scientific record: materiality, representation, and the triad evidence/memory/accountability. Focusing on the creation and management of these scientific records, the paper argues that further analyses of scientific record making and recordkeeping are bound to benefit both scientific work, which depends more and more on databases and archives, as well as archival science, which is becoming more relevant beyond its traditional realm of the legal/business/administrative world. 相似文献
11.
Antonio Perianes-Rodríguez Zaida Chinchilla-Rodríguez Benjamín Vargas-Quesada Carlos Olmeda Gómez Félix Moya-Anegón 《Journal of Informetrics》2009,3(2):91-101
Governmental initiatives around scientific policy have progressively raised collaboration to priority status. In this context, a need has arisen to broaden the traditional approach to the analysis and study of research results by descending to the group or even the individual scale and supplementing the output-, productivity-, visibility- and impact-based focus with new measures that emphasize collaboration from the vantage of structural analysis. To this end, the present paper proposes new hybrid indicators for the analysis and evaluation of individual research results, popularity and prestige, that combine bibliometric and structural aspects. A case study was conducted of the nine most productive departments in Carlos III University of Madrid. The findings showed hybridization to be a tool sensitive to traditional indicators, but also to the new demands of modern science as a self-organized system of interaction among individuals, furnishing information on researchers’ environments and the behaviour and attitudes adopted within those environments. 相似文献
12.
《Journal of Informetrics》2022,16(4):101338
Knowledge flow between scientific disciplines has commonly been measured based on citation data. Previous studies using citing relationships have mostly considered direct citations but have paid little attention to indirect citations (IDC) to indicate how knowledge diffusion from one discipline to another via one or more intermediaries. In this study, we measured knowledge flow between disciplines from two perspectives: direct citations (DC) and discipline potential energy (DPE), which is proposed to combine both direct and indirect citations. Data were collected from the Web of Science (WoS) database. Findings include: (1) DPE overshadows previous measures by considering not only direct citations but also indirect citations between disciplines which was usually ignored in previous measures, and revealed that the knowledge contribution of some disciplines had been underestimated by previous measures, such as Physics and Engineering. (2) The proportion of IDC contribution is close to that of direct knowledge contribution when the discipline scale is removed, which suggests that it is essential to consider IDC to distinguish the knowledge relationship (net-outflow/inflow) between disciplines. (3) Both measurements show that Biology & Biochemistry has always been the top discipline with the highest net outflow of knowledge, which is inconsistent with the history of science that Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry would be the highest net outflow disciplines. The results show that even considering IDC does not fully reveal the knowledge contribution and academic influence of disciplines. This paper also analyzes the potential reasons for citation bias in revealing the contribution of disciplinary knowledge from a citation perspective. Therefore, caution should be taken in the use of citations as a primary measure of knowledge flow. 相似文献
13.
The hard sciences and the soft: some sociological observations 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
N W Storer 《Bulletin of the Medical Library Association》1967,55(1):75-84
The paper focuses on the implications of the terms "hard" and "soft" as they are used to characterize different branches of science; this is one approach to understanding some of the relations between knowledge and social organization. Given the importance to scientists of having their work evaluated accurately, it can be seen that the more rigorously a body of knowledge is organized, the more readily professional recognition can be appropriately assigned. The degree of rigor seems directly related to the extent to which mathematics is used in a science, and it is this that makes a science "hard." Data are presented in support of the hypothesis that "harder" sciences are characterized by more impersonality in their members' relationships where impersonality is indexed by the frequency that only first initials are used in footnotes. Finally, some parallels between the economic and the scientific sectors of society are suggested, viewing money and professional recognition as "generalized media" and noting certain analogies in science to inflation and deflation in the economic system. Implications for the obsolescence of parts of the literature of science are discussed, and the relevance of this analysis to Kuhn's work on scientific revolutions is briefly noted. 相似文献
14.
张戈 《中国科技资源导刊 (中国信息导报)》2017,(3):51-55
科技创新人才是实现创新驱动发展的核心关键因素。在利用关键数据指标分析新疆科技创新人才队伍建设
现状的基础上,指出新疆科技创新人才队伍建设面临总量偏少、高层次人才匮乏、结构不合理、成长环境不够完善等
问题,并从科技人才培养、激励机制、人才引进和保障措施等方面提出相应的对策建议,为新疆制定科技人才资源开
发相关政策提供参考和依据。 相似文献
15.
《Journal of Informetrics》2023,17(1):101377
To some extent, written academic discourse represents the knowledge and practices of the academic community. Studies investigating writing styles in various disciplines have flourished, but fewer studies have leveraged multi-perspective linguistic indices to analyze academic writings, especially in the information science and library science (IS-LS) domain. This study attempts to provide an overview of how writing styles have evolved over the past 30 years across various subfields in IS-LS from multiple perspectives, that is, lexical complexity, cohesion, syntactic complexity, and readability. Based on a large set of abstracts of academic papers published in IS-LS, the empirical findings showed that the readability, cohesion, and lexical sophistication of abstracts in the IS-LS domain have increased over time, indicating that abstracts tend to contain more information but become less accessible. The gradual improvement in cohesion suggests that academic writing logic has increased, and the rigor of knowledge construction of scientific papers has improved. Furthermore, considerable linguistic variations emerged between subfields in the IS-LS domain, particularly at the lexical level. This study suggested that different subfields had various writing styles due to their research topics, methodologies, orientations, etc. The study also found that papers published in top quartile journals and those that gained higher citations typically had larger lexical density, lexical sophistication, cohesion, and readability. This suggests that influential papers tend to carry more information, address more complex scientific issues, and exercise caution in knowledge construction and presentation. 相似文献
16.
高蕾刘娅 《中国科技资源导刊 (中国信息导报)》2018,(1):66-74
随着信息时代的来临,科学技术面向社会成员的传播扩散成为提升公众科学素养,增强大众对科学的认知
及交流的重要方式,而国际组织在加速世界科学传播中发挥着重要作用。为了解国际组织科学传播的特点,以UNESCO
为例,对有关UNESCO科学传播的文献进行定量分析,通过对高频关键词进行聚类,利用战略坐标分析方法,计
算各类团向心度和粘合度,描述不同阶段的工作重点及工作内容趋势变化,讨论各主题的发展现状及研究地位。研究
发现,UNESCO科学传播工作在2005—2010年围绕资源开放共享、环境保护等方面,在2011—2016年面向创新技术应
用、科学技术发展等方面开展。两个阶段的共同工作重点包括ICT能力建设、教育发展等。虽然在不同阶段其侧重点有
所不同,但整体并未发生明显变化,主题内部联系和主题之间的关系逐渐紧密,研究正在不断稳定成熟。 相似文献
17.
Timothy Shortell 《Mass Communication and Society》2013,16(4):431-453
The debate about human origins between creationists and biologists is hardly a new one. In its latest cycle, the dispute concerns the status of Intelligent Design and the teaching of evolutionary theory in public schools. The controversy is primarily political, motivated by deeply held feelings about identity. A discourse analysis using network modeling was applied to newspaper coverage of the controversy from September to December 2005, around the time of the Dover trial (Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District). The present study investigated how newspaper coverage of the trial framed the controversy. Arguments from the creationist viewpoint tended to portray the conflict as a dispute between “Darwinism” and a new theory. Arguments from the science position focused on the consensus regarding current knowledge and science teaching in public schools among professional biologists. Results suggest the elite frame was more common, just as other studies of science journalism have found. No significant differences were discovered comparing metropolitan and nonmetropolitan newspapers. Although there were some regional differences, the overall structure of the discourse was similar. 相似文献
18.
[目的/意义] 针对目前全领域科学知识图谱构建方法中存在的技术难点,结合网络嵌入模型、机器学习聚类、流形学习可视化算法等人工智能领域的方法与模型,提出一套全新发现科学结构的知识图谱构建方案,以完善科学结构发现与可视化布局,并拓展科学知识图谱的分析应用场景。[方法/过程] 引入基于深度学习的网络嵌入模型和聚类方法改进原有的网络社团划分聚类方法,利用流形学习降维可视化算法扩大数据处理能力,并设计由下至上分层可视化布局方法,提升可视化图谱的稳定性与细节揭示能力。[结果/结论] 以科睿唯安公司的基本科学指标数据库（ESI）研究前沿中高被引论文作为分析数据集,使用新聚类算法得到1 169个研究领域,通过改进的可视化布局算法形成全领域科学结构图谱。与前几期科学结构图谱相比,本文提出的方法支持更大规模的数据分析,对可视化细节揭示与稳定性也有大幅优化,可以更好地展示全领域科学研究宏观结构及内在关系,为全领域科学知识图谱的绘制与构建提供更可靠的方法和技术支持。 相似文献
19.
《Journal of Informetrics》2020,14(2):101017
In this study, we investigate the extent to which patent citations to papers can serve as early signs for predicting delayed recognized knowledge in science using a comparative study with a control group, i.e., instant recognition papers. We identify the two opposite groups of papers by the Bcp measure, a parameter-free index for identifying papers which were recognized with delay. We provide a macro (Science/Nature papers dataset) and micro (a case chosen from the dataset) evidence on paper-patent citation linkages as early signs for predicting delayed recognized knowledge in science. It appears that papers with delayed recognition show a stronger and longer technical impact than instant recognition papers. We provide indication that in the more recent years papers with delayed recognition are awakened more often and earlier by a patent rather than by a scientific paper (also called “prince”). We also found that patent citations seem to play an important role to avoid instant recognition papers to level off or to become a so called “flash in the pan”, i.e., instant recognition. It also appears that the sleeping beauties may firstly encounter negative citations and then patent citations and finally get widely recognized. In contrast to the two focused fields (biology and chemistry) for instant recognition papers, delayed recognition papers are rather evenly distributed in biology, chemistry, psychology, geology, materials science, and physics. We discovered several pairs of “science sleeping”-“technology inducing”, such as “biology-biotechnology/pharmaceuticals”, “chemistry-chemical engineering”, as well as some trans-fields science-technology interactions, such as “psychology - computer technology/control technology/audio-visual technology”, “physics - computer technology”, and “mathematics-computer technology”. We propose in further research to discover the potential ahead of time and transformative research by using citation delay analysis, patent & NPL analysis, and citation context analysis. 相似文献