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钟毅如 《当代教育理论与实践》2010,2(6):7-10
在阐述错误记忆的基础上,重点探讨语言学习中的错误记忆现象,并指出基础教育的教学不仅要使学生对所学知识产生良好的正确记忆,还要尽可能防止学生产生错误记忆,防止知识的混淆和回忆中的似是而非。在教学过程中应该保证学生有足够的学习和复习时间,采用正确的教学手段,从而尽量减少学生的虚假或错误的回忆。 相似文献
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大量的研究结果表明,情绪是错误记忆效应产生的一个重要因素.大多数研究认为情绪性项目的错误记忆更低,只有少数一些研究认为中性项目和情绪项目的错误记忆率没有差别.情绪状态对错误记忆的影响较为复杂,存在很大的争议.但自从记忆的精确性成为研究热点以来,绝大多数结果表明负性情绪影响着错误记忆的产生.负性信息虽然能更多地回忆出来,但同时也更可能出现错误.错误记忆中的激活过程很大程度上依赖于唤醒.高唤醒水平组表现出词汇决定任务中的简化趋势,出现了更高的错误记忆,而低唤醒组则没有表现出这一趋势. 相似文献
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运用DRM范式,设计3x2的混合实验,通过控制被试的学习程度和材料的呈现方式来考察错误记忆。在三种不同学习程度的条件下,对21名被试分别进行了随机测试和分组测试。结果发现,随着学习程度的加强,被试对关键诱饵的判断也逐渐准确,错误再认率逐渐下降;各组之间存在显著差异;词表在分组呈现与随机呈现条件下关键诱饵错误数不存在显著差异。 相似文献
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目的采用DRM范式探讨不同关联方式和学习程度对错误记忆的影响。方法实验以中文字词为材料,将词语和相应词表的关键项目之间的关联方式分为语义关联、语音关联、字形关联三种,对三种不同关联的材料进行三次或者一次学习并统计各关联方式词语在不同程度学习中的错误再认率。结果 (1)三种关联方式对错误记忆的影响都很显著,其中字形关联的错误记忆效应明显大于语义关联、语音关联;(2)学习程度的提高能降低对关键项目的错误再认率;(3)在两种不同学习程度下的各种关联方式的错误再认率之间不存在明显差异。结论学习程度和关联方式都能明显的引发错误记忆。 相似文献
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目前,关于错误记忆的研究主要有考察人们对单词的错误记忆的联想研究范式和无意识知觉范式,考察个体对持续事件的错误记忆的误导信息干扰范式和KK研究范式及非实验研究的日常记忆研究范式。它们都不同程度地揭示了错误记忆现象的本质特征,是有效的研究方法。 相似文献
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人们从单词和事件的角度对错误记忆进行了大量的研究,得出了影响错误记忆的因素。总结归为学习的材料、被试和测验过程等方面的因素,通过对不同的影响因素的探讨,我们可以进一步了解其与错误记忆的关系,也为探讨错误记忆的机制和实质提供了有价值的参考。 相似文献
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研究采用DRM范式,对天津职业技术师范大学数控专业不同水平数控加工技能人才的关联性错误记忆进行研究.结果表明:(1)关联性错误记忆具有普遍性与特殊性.高级工和中级工在词语学习中存在明显的错误记忆现象,但高级工错误记忆效应不如中级工明显.(2)不同水平数控加工人才错误记忆存在差异,对关键诱饵的虚假再认率,高级工低于中级工,且差异非常显著;中级工和高级工对学习单词的正确再认率与对未学单词的错误再认率均无显著差异. 相似文献
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《华夏少年(简快作文 )》2016,(4)
遗忘是对识记过的材料不能再认与回忆,或者错误的再认与回忆,是一种记忆的丧失。遗忘总是干扰人们的学习,使人们的学习效果大打折扣。因此,通过对艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线的解读,探讨在教学过程中,如何降低遗忘带来的影响,提高学习效率。 相似文献
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个体差异的实验室研究历来在学习和记忆领域占有较为重要的地位，生理缺陷、智力水平、年龄等因素都可能引起学习和记忆的个体差异，它们一方面体现了学习和记忆的相关特征，一方面也促使学习和记忆向更细化的方向发展。从内隐学习、内隐记忆、前瞻记忆和错误记忆四个领域展开讨论并集中分析个体差异的主要影响因素以及它对学习和记忆多重加工机制的促进作用，这种思路和方法在未来的研究中是至关重要的。 相似文献
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石伟 《西南师范大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2008,34(2):135-137
按照忽视不一致-负向模型,自尊的高低与自我表现的类型之间的交互作用在回忆自我表现情境的错误量上应达到显著水平。对90名本科生的实验研究支持该假设,即个体对与其自尊水平不一致的自我表现信息的回忆错误显著高于一致的自我表现信息。这个结果也许是对既往记忆忽视现象的一个补充。 相似文献
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Objective: To investigate gender difference in the effects of daytime sleep on item and source memories, which are dissociable elements of declarative memory, and the effects of sleep on recollection and familiarity, which are two processes underlying recognition. Methods: Participants saw a series of pictures with either blue or red background, and were then given a pretest for item and source memories. Then males and females respectively were randomly assigned either to a wake or a sleep condition. In the wake condition, participants remained awake until the posttest; in the sleep condition, participants slept for 1 h until awakened and asked to remain awake until the posttest. Results: Daytime sleep contributed to retention of source memory rather than item memory in females, whereas males undergoing daytime sleep had a trend towards increased familiarity. For females, however, neither recollection nor familiarity appeared to be influenced by daytime sleep. Conclusion: The mechanism underlying gender difference may be linked with different memory traces resulting from different encoding strategies, as well as with different electrophysiological changes during daytime sleep. 相似文献
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Modifications of Recognition Memory Processes in Preterm Children: An Event‐Related Potential Study 
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下载免费PDF全文 Kerstin H. Kipp Axel Mecklinger Nicole Brunnemann Mohammed G. Shamdeen Juliane Meng‐Hentschel Ludwig Gortner 《Child development》2015,86(2):379-393
Prematurity may cause hippocampal compromise. Therefore, hippocampus‐dependent memory processes (recollection‐based retrieval) may be more impaired than hippocampus‐independent processes (familiarity‐based retrieval). The memory of 18 children born preterm with reduced hippocampal volumes, without neonatal complications (weeks of gestation < 34, weight < 1,600 g), and 15 controls (8–10 years) was tested using an item recognition task. While groups were equal in memory performance, dissociation was found: The event‐related potential (ERP) correlate of familiarity was intact in the preterm group, whereas the correlate of recollection was attenuated. A follow‐up experiment ruled out that this was due to general cognitive deficits. Furthermore, gestational age correlated with the ERP index of recollection. Thus, recognition memory in preterm children may be characterized by a compensation of attenuated recollection by familiarity. 相似文献
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Event-related potential (ERP) correlates of item and source memory were assessed in 18 children (7-8 years), 20 adolescents (13-14 years), and 20 adults (20-29 years) performing a continuous recognition memory task with object and nonobject stimuli. Memory performance increased with age and was particularly low for source memory in children. The ERP difference between first presentations of objects and nonobjects, reflecting generic novelty processing, showed only small developmental changes. Regarding item memory, adults showed the putative ERP correlates of familiarity and recollection, whereas ERP effects in children and adolescents suggested a strong reliance on recollection. ERP correlates of source memory refined with age, suggesting maturation of strategic recollection between childhood and adolescence and the development of postretrieval control until adulthood. 相似文献
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Developmental Differences in Memory During Early Childhood: Insights From Event‐Related Potentials 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Age‐related differences in behavioral and electrophysiological indices of memory were examined in 3‐ to 6‐year‐old children (N = 76). Behaviorally, no differences were observed in children's ability to identify old items; however, 3‐year‐old children were less accurate in correctly rejecting new items, and 3‐ and 4‐year‐old children recalled fewer contextual details compared to 5‐ and 6‐year‐old children. Age‐related differences in electrophysiological measures (800–1,000 ms after stimulus onset) were observed both to items recalled with contextual details, which increased between 3 and 4 years, and items recalled without contextual details, which were greatest in 5‐year‐old children, even after adjusting for global age‐related differences. These findings, interpreted within a dual‐process framework, may suggest changes in both recollection and familiarity processes during early childhood. 相似文献
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The development of recollection and familiarity in childhood and adolescence: evidence from the dual-process signal detection model 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
Two experiments examined the development of recollection (recalling qualitative details about an event) and familiarity (recognizing the event) using the dual-process signal detection model. In Experiment 1 (n = 117; ages 6, 8, 10, 14, and 18 years), recollection improved from childhood to adolescence after semantic encoding but not after perceptual encoding and familiarity improved from ages 6 to 8 regardless of encoding condition. In Experiment 2 (n = 56; ages 6, 8, and 10 years), long duration compared to short duration of semantic encoding increased familiarity but not recollection. Age-related differences replicated those of Experiment 1, except no age difference in familiarity was found with long study duration. Overall, recollection and familiarity showed distinct developmental and functional characteristics. The dual-process signal detection model proved promising for developmental investigations. 相似文献
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Two remembering phenomenologies, vivid recollection and vague familiarity, have been extensively studied in adults using introspective self-report tasks, such as remember-know. Because such tasks are beyond the capabilities of young children, there is no database on how these phenomenologies first develop and what factors affect them. In experiments with 5- to 14-year-olds, a child-appropriate behavioral methodology (conjoint recognition) was used to measure these phenomenologies. For both true and false memory, there were marked age increases in vivid recollective experiences, coupled with only slight increases in vague familiarity experiences. Thus, there is a vague-to-vivid developmental shift in the mental states that accompany remembering, a finding that is predicted by fuzzy-trace theory's explanation of recollection and familiarity. 相似文献
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该实验用17名被试研究了汉字音形特征对汉字短时记忆信息提取的影响。结果发现:记忆集为2时,短时记忆信息提取受识记内容所处位置和识记内容的性质两种因素的交互影响。记忆集为5时,短时记忆信息提取受识记内容所处住置的影响,表现出明显的系列位置效应。探测项目与记忆集中的汉字具有不同的特质时,最容易被觉察出来。 相似文献
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We tested whether changes in attribution processes could account for the developmental differences observed in how children’s use fluency to guide their memory decisions. Children ranging in age from 4 to 9 years studied a list of familiar or unfamiliar cartoon characters. In Experiment 1 (n = 84), participants completed a recognition test during which the perceptual fluency of some items was enhanced using a prime. In Experiment 2 (n = 96), participants completed a source recollection judgment on their recognition decisions. Primed items were recognized at a higher rate than unprimed items. However, while young children rely on fluency for all items, older children use fluency only for unfamiliar items. This pattern came together with a reduction in familiarity-based—but not recollection-based—memory responses. 相似文献
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The development of subjective recollection was investigated in participants aged 6-18 years. In Experiment 1 (N = 90), age-related improvements were found in understanding of the subjective experience of recollection, although robust levels of understanding were observed even in the youngest group. In Experiment 2 (N = 100), age-related differences were found in subjective recollection during a memory task, suggesting development not only in the ability to reflect on memory states, but also in the informational basis of subjective recollection. Lower understanding of memory states was associated with increased propensity to claim recollection. These results indicate that subjective recollection develops considerably during childhood and suggest that the development of metamemory supports this capacity. 相似文献