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1.
Des Griffin 《Curator: The Museum Journal》1996,39(1):45-62
In 1993, Museums Australia, representing museums and the Australian museum community, adopted a policy covering relations between museums and Australia's indigenous peoples. Previous Possessions, New Obligations is based on 13 principles, the first of which recognizes the right to self-determination of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in respect of their cultural property. The policy recognizes a multiplicity of interests in indigenous peoples' cultural property but emphasizes Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples' primary role. The policy was developed through consultation with indigenous people and communities, museums, professional associations, and governments. It covers human remains, secret/sacred material, and collections in general. It also deals with museums' public programs and issues of staffing, training, and governance. It emphasizes the importance of consultation between museum staff and appropriate persons and communities when museums are dealing with indigenous cultures. This paper traces the history of museums' dealings with indigenous peoples in several countries, especially Australia. The development of this policy from mid-1991 is traced. Museums Australia, in collaboration with the Australian government, is pursuing the policy, especially the provenancing of human remains and secret/sacred material, to assist in returning such material when requested and appropriate. Museums Australia is also reviewing the effect the policy has had over the last two years. While the policy is an important document, there is still much progress to be made. 相似文献
2.
Michael M. Ames Author Vitae 《Museum Management and Curatorship》2006,21(3):171-186
Museums are not usually seen to be agents of change. If they are to serve as important mechanisms for empowering local communities to define, recognize, and develop their own indigenous heritages, they should first consider a potential contradiction contained within this initiative: museums specialize in the representation of other peoples, while people have the sovereign right to represent themselves. Left unresolved, this contradiction could produce counterfeits of good intentions. The introduction of professionalized cultural management may mitigate the responsibilities of the citizenry to actively participate in the production and preservation of their own heritage. 相似文献
3.
Aboriginal communities in Australia have adopted new information technologies in innovative ways. The most well known is the
Ara Irititja project software, now increasingly adopted by many local community groups in Australia. These developments demand
a policy response from public collecting institutions and governments. There is a raft of opportunities being presented by
current archival and record-keeping, and information and record-development programs and activities in Aboriginal communities.
These include economic empowerment through the development and distribution of new products; community empowerment through
“owning” histories, stories, images and other associated material and being able to manage the context of, and access to this
material; and the development of opportunities for young people. Accompanying these opportunities, however, are serious threats
to the protection, preservation, collection and use of this material. These threats are both immediate and long-term and include
technology changes and format shifting; physical threats to local collections; the lack of IT expertise and archival knowledge;
a lack of knowledge or agreement on the archiving system, standards and principles, and many others. This paper proposes that
archives held, and being developed in Aboriginal communities, are developed as a nationally distributed collection with community-generated
protocols and community-based management, supported within a fully integrated national framework. 相似文献
4.
This article examines the political and social implications of broadening public discourse and facilitating a collective mediated space in which gendered inequities, interests, and identities are debated via the feminist reproductive health radio program Bienvenida Salud! The article describes the mediascape in rural and indigenous Peruvian Amazonian communities and the ways in which feminist reproductive rights discourse has been introduced and interpreted in communities that have limited exposure to global feminism. By analyzing the reception and listening practices among the Bienvenida Salud! audience, the authors explore arguments about the limits and possibilities of participatory media to effect social change. Finally, the article examines the capacity of Amazonian women to use alternative media to voice their traditionally ignored reproductive health priorities, goals, and practices, and in so doing, critically assesses the potential of participatory media interventions to influence the discourses of global feminism and population planning. 相似文献
5.
Leo Jeffres Edward Horowitz Cheryl C. Bracken Guowei Jian Kimberly A. Neuendorf Sukki Yoon 《Mass Communication and Society》2013,16(6):787-815
Several long-standing theories intersect in discussing the impact of community characteristics and of the mass media. The structural pluralism model popularized by Tichenor and his colleagues says that social structure influences how mass media operate in communities because they respond to how power is distributed in the social system, whereas the linear model says that the increasing size of a community's population leads to more social differentiation and diversity and corresponding increases in subcultures with their own beliefs, customs, and behaviors. Recently, there has been a concern about how changes in society have led to a decline in organizational activity and the network of relationships and trust that constitute “social capital.” This article examines the impact of population and diversity (using census data) on individuals’ media use, interpersonal discussion and civic engagement (measured in a national survey), and the relationship among these variables. Analysis of a structural model provides evidence that the “linear hypothesis” can be combined with structural pluralism, with size—measured by population—impacting diversity, which influences the relationships that people have with their community. Concurrently, social categories influence people's communication patterns and community relationships, and communication impacts civic engagement. 相似文献
6.
Marjorie Kelly 《Curator: The Museum Journal》1995,38(4):229-245
Increasingly, museums are seeking to incorporate indigenous perspectives into their exhibits, programs, and collections management policies. Despite its history and close proximity to Hawaiians, Bishop Museum has neither a long nor an unblemished record of consulting the indigenous community. Within the last three years, there has been a theft/removal of sacred objects, a lawsuit involving repatriation of Hawaiian remains, demonstrations and state government hearings concerning the Bishop's interpretation of archaeological sites, as well as more positive activity; e.g., a renewed interest in exhibiting Hawaiian culture. While factionalism within the indigenous community complicates matters, many of the museum's problems are an outgrowth of its own decisions: lucrative contracts have not been without cost, and internal dissension has resulted in such high staff turnover that the museum's professional capability has been publicly called into question by Hawaiians (and others). As Hawaiians assume a more active role, their 106-year relationship with Bishop Museum is being redefined. (Note: “Hawai'i” is used here to refer to the southernmost island in the chain; “Hawaii” designates the entire chain, the state). 相似文献
7.
《The Reference Librarian》2013,54(82):199-213
Abstract Academic libraries have often participated in outreach to their surrounding communities. This article focuses on independent outreach efforts of academic libraries to move beyond their walls or traditional clientele. Academic libraries determine their interaction with their communities based on three factors: whether a need is expressed from outside the academy, whether they see their mission as an invitation to pursue an action on their own accord, or whether they construct a form of outreach in response to a specific problem or crisis. Most libraries, public and private, recognize outreach as part of their mission and obligation to the community. This article examines why libraries choose to initiate outreach programs. 相似文献
8.
David Nicholas Anthony Watkinson Cherifa Boukacem‐Zeghmouri Blanca Rodríguez‐Bravo Jie Xu Abdullah Abrizah Marzena Świgoń Eti Herman 《Learned Publishing》2017,30(2):157-166
Early career researchers (ECRs) are of great interest because they are the new (and biggest) wave of researchers. They merit long and detailed investigation, and towards this end, this overarching paper provides a summary of the first‐year findings of a 3‐year, longitudinal study of 116 science and social science ECRs who have published nearly 1,200 papers and come from 7 countries and 81 universities. ECRs were interviewed in their own languages face‐to‐face, by Skype, or telephone. The study focused on the attitudes and behaviours of ECRs with respect to scholarly communications and the extent to which they are adopting new and disruptive technologies, such as social media, online communities, and Open Science. The main findings include: publishing in high‐impact factor journals is the only reputational game in town; online scholarly communities, and ResearchGate in particular, are gaining ground; social media are beginning to have an impact, especially in the dissemination arena; outreach activities have become more important; libraries are becoming increasingly invisible to ECRs; Open Science is not gaining traction; and more transformational ideas are being expressed, especially in the US and UK. 相似文献
9.
Joseph K. Adjaye 《International Information and Library Review》2013,45(4):236-242
In an age of complex, fast and technologically based communication systems, some African societies continue to utilize indigenous communication systems (ICS) that are effective for their specific, local environments. Employing mixed methodologies, this paper examines one of these communicative systems known among the people of Elmina (and other Akan communities of Ghana) as —signified by the gong-gong—its processes and dynamics, its interrelationship with the socio-cultural milieu, and its interface with modern media. It concludes that ICS do not just represent cultural continuity; they are inclusive, interactive, and integrated into the chieftaincy institution, and continue to have an informational and educational value among rural folks. Confronting the dilemma of the interface between tradition and modernity, this essay recommends the retention of ICS alongside radio, TV, and the electronic media. 相似文献
10.
The rise of digital media labs and spaces for content creation in public libraries has been documented in the scholarly literature. However, fewer studies have investigated the outcomes of media literacy initiatives in community media centers (CMCs) and how they might inform similar programs and services in public libraries. This article reports findings from a study that used qualitative research to investigate the current goals and activities of CMCs across the United States. The findings show that the educational, social, and community benefits of these programs could be useful for public libraries to consider in developing or augmenting their own media literacy initiatives. 相似文献
11.
A survey of museums in the United States sought to identify evidence of broad impact on the organisational culture and practices of museums in their relatioships with indiginous peoples as a result of the passage of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act 1990 (NAGPRA). NAGPRA establishes a process for the repatriation of human remains and other specified items held in museum collections to Native Americans who can prove they are lineal descendants or members of tribes which are culturally affiliated with identified items covered by the legislation. Effective repatriation programs are characterised by: * a genuine belief in the primary rights of indigenous people in the management of their cultural material presently held in museum collections; * a commitment to greater collaboration between the museum and indigenous people in the management of scientific research and public programs pertaining to items of indigenous cultural heritage; * practices which are indicative of an organisational culture which acts in ways which go beyond the minimum requirements of the legislation. Our research shows that museums are engaging in consultation with indigenous people in the management of collections of indigenous cultural heritage, and that this engagement is influencing conservation strategies. Museums espouse goals which promote external consultation, the involvement of indigenous people in their activities, respect for the cultural goals of indigenous people and a commitment to increasing public awareness of indigenous cultural heritage and social issues. However, only in the areas where NAGPRA has mandated it should happen—collections of human remains and secret/sacred material—is there evidence of communication and consultation, commitment of resources and sharing of authority with indigenous people consistent with the outcomes intended under NAGPRA. 相似文献
12.
In an age of complex, fast and technologically based communication systems, some African societies continue to utilize indigenous communication systems (ICS) that are effective for their specific, local environments. Employing mixed methodologies, this paper examines one of these communicative systems known among the people of Elmina (and other Akan communities of Ghana) as dawurb
—signified by the gong-gong—its processes and dynamics, its interrelationship with the socio-cultural milieu, and its interface with modern media. It concludes that ICS do not just represent cultural continuity; they are inclusive, interactive, and integrated into the chieftaincy institution, and continue to have an informational and educational value among rural folks. Confronting the dilemma of the interface between tradition and modernity, this essay recommends the retention of ICS alongside radio, TV, and the electronic media. 相似文献
13.
AbstractAlthough the field of crisis management has grown considerably, academic curricula do not seem to have kept pace. This study investigates how library and information science (LIS) programs are addressing the need to provide adequate and relevant crisis management course content, so as to better empower librarians and other information professionals during community-based disasters and unpredictable circumstances. Twenty-eight ALA-accredited MLIS programs were evaluated. A four-phase model for evaluating crisis management content in LIS education (CM-LIS) has been developed. Crisis management topics were identified and categorized under the four phases: landscape survey, strategic planning, crisis management, and organizational learning. Six broad LIS subject modules were also identified to analyze the percentage of coverage of these topics. In the 264 course syllabi evaluated, curricula indirectly prepare librarians on how to meet and respond to crises and disasters within their communities; however, in many cases, this is given low priority. There is not a strong consideration for natural disasters and the societal calamities and unrest that dominate the media and occupy the minds of individual communities. This study gives insight into crisis-management education within LIS graduate degrees and should stimulate additional research to further investigate the preparedness of librarians and other information professionals to interact with communities in need in times of crises. 相似文献
14.
This article analyzes the feeling of communities of female social viewers who watch television fiction and participate in social networks and forums dedicated to the programs. The sample is made up of 7,849 comments from 157 platforms (49 Facebook pages, 71 Twitter accounts, and 37 forums). We describe the characteristics of these communities of fans, which differ significantly from cult fandoms and are based on ICT interweaving between reception and female viewers’ daily lives. The results reveal that these active online poster and lurker communities express themselves through their emotional ties with the television series, self-reflection, and the manifestation of intimacy. Identification with the group is based on the relationship of the storylines with their own lives, with no attempts at constructing a cultural or political identity. 相似文献
15.
Learning to stand on their own: contradictory media representations of Burmese refugees by nonprofit organizations 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Emily A. Ehmer 《Critical Studies in Media Communication》2017,34(1):29-43
This study examines the arrival of refugees from Burma, also known as Myanmar, to the Midwest of the United States and how the depiction of the refugees in online media often deploys contradictory messages about these new communities. Specifically, this analysis investigates the images and texts created by both U.S.-led refugee resettlement agencies and Burmese-led nonprofit organizations in Indiana. The project weaves together findings from the analysis of online media content along with interviews of twelve organisation leaders and staff members. The analysis reveals that the media created by the two types of organizations differ substantially. While the U.S.-led refugee resettlement agencies portray the refugees as “strangers” deserving of “the life ahead” and as worthwhile citizenship projects, the Burmese-led nonprofit organizations focus on the education of youth as future leaders and on its own members who serve as role models for the ethnic communities. This project underscores the broader implications for how refugees are portrayed in the West’s media during a period of massive exodus of refugees from nations with repressive governments and the need for more research about this topic that transcends national borders. 相似文献
16.
RICHARD WARD 《Media History》2013,19(3):221-244
Aboriginal writing produced on Flinders Island off the coast of Van Diemen's Land, Australia, between 1836 and 1847 portrays continued resistance and attempts to influence public opinion and government policy. The journal, petition to Queen Victoria, private letters and colonial press coverage document the tumultuous existence Van Diemen's Land's surviving Aboriginal people endured. Leximancer software and a manual content analysis are used to identify the key themes and communication devices existing within the documents. Applying a typology of public sphere characteristics over the content analysis provides evidence of the existence of a subaltern Aboriginal public. This paper concludes that the Flinders Island people adopted European communication structures to overtly and covertly resist colonial domination and to exert control over their own lives. The documents and events surrounding their production suggest that the surviving people, despite being from different tribes in Van Diemen's Land, formed an Aboriginal subaltern public through which they took a unified stand against colonial oppression. 相似文献
17.
C. Kurt Dewhurst Diana Baird N'Diaye Marsha MacDowell 《Curator: The Museum Journal》2014,57(4):455-472
Today there is a growing global awareness of the need to address issues related to the safeguarding and use of both tangible and intangible heritage. By engaging with communities in the documentation of local cultures—especially their folklife, or in other words, their traditional intangible cultural heritage—museums can create collections that will serve as foundations for museum research, exhibitions, and programs that have more resonance with and relevance for those communities. Interactions of these kinds—in particular those of the Smithsonian's Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage and the Michigan State University Museum, home of the Michigan Traditional Arts Program, as well as collaborations between the Smithsonian Folklife Festival and the Great Lakes Folk Festival, and other programs around the world—have served as important platforms for public discourse about a variety of issues and have produced programs and exhibitions both at home and around the world. 相似文献
18.
Sue Robinson 《Mass Communication and Society》2014,17(4):509-530
Digital technologies have reconfigured how active community members know about local news. Sampling one Midwest community's most engaged citizens—collectively, a “community of practice”—this research formalizes one emerging media-information repertoire around the issue of homelessness. Components of this repertoire include motivations, structuring conditions, norms of usage, and perceived consequences for media-source selection. Commenting, sharing, and other information exchange become “acts of news” for individuals involved in communities of practice. Through shared information-exchange practices, citizens can not only advocate their social causes but also reinvigorate their own affiliations to the community of practice and to the city itself. The use of this media repertoire by these individuals reconstitutes and amplifies their role in the pursuit of fostering a civil society focused on homelessness. The findings illuminate the process of how community activists work as an informal organizational form and, as a result, build a stronger commitment to civic action. 相似文献
19.
媒介信息与用户信息需求的契合分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
大众信息传媒、文献信息传媒和网络信息传媒的传播内容都有各自的分布规律,并与 各自的用户之间有着一定的契合关系。传媒与用户间的契合指出了媒介的发展方向。表5。参 考文献6。 相似文献
20.
《Journal of Radio & Audio Media》2013,20(2):151-166
The phenomenon of outsourcing is prevalent in many industries, including the media. In radio, voice-tracking of programs from other locations is a prominent example. How the practice of outsourcing affects the content of local news is the focus of this study. Comparing data on outsourced and locally-produced news in a small radio market, the study produced statistically significant results that raise questions about how communities are served when their local news decisions are made elsewhere. The study focuses on a market where local news, once outsourced, has been reconverted into an exclusively local enterprise. 相似文献