共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
《体育科技文献通报》2002,(9)
G822.1 20024169浅谈牵引训练对短跑步幅的影响[刊,中,A]/孙杰//内蒙古体育科技.-2002.-15(2).-16-17,19表3参2(SJ)牵引训练//短跑//步长//运动生理学//运动员//速度本文通过用牵引训练的手段来发展运动员的步幅进行了实验。实验结果表:牵引跑时的步长必定大于行进间跑的步长。牵引速度快的步长增大比牵引速度慢时步长增大更明显。6822.1 20024170从贺红英的训练谈少年女子400m 训练的几个问题 相似文献
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陈适晖 《武汉体育学院学报》1986,(2)
前言当前各国短跑运动员的水平日趋接近,竞争异常激烈,因此必需寻求有效的训练手段,创造专门的条件来提高速度。牵引跑是通过助力来达到超过本人最高速度训练的目的。国内外文献资料和专门的科研证明:采用非传统的训练手段能显著地加大短跑运动员的训练强度。在提高动作技能的同时,大幅度地提高跑速和速度力量水平。例如英国国家教练员L.马修里尔介绍说,牵引跑可以使50米成绩提高0.3秒左右,并认为:“牵引跑可以提高运动员增大动作幅度的能力。” 相似文献
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研究中运用文献资料法通过阅读大量资料和经过教学、训练实验法对少年短跑运动最大速度训练的影响进行研究。对广东省阳东县第一中学5名少年运动员进行最大速度的训练实验及时实验以后进行分析和论述。通过运用最大速度训练后得出的成绩表明,少年短跑运动员发展最大速度训练对提高运动成绩有显著的作用。 相似文献
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一种新设备——短跑控制台——有助于改进牵引速度训练的一种方法卓越的芬兰长跑运动员P.努尔米(Paavo Nurmi)曾揭示他怎样获得成功的步幅:当他还是孩子的时候,就曾握住缓行火车的一边跟着跑进。用现代术语讲,这种方法称为助力短跑训练,更明确地讲即“牵引训练”。用高于本身最高速度的摩托车,汽车作牵引训练,苏联和欧洲的教练,在这方面的训练工作已经比较缺乏科学训练的美国短跑运动员略占优势。 相似文献
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速度力量素质是短跑运动员必备的主要运动素质之一,是掌握和运用技战术的基础。科学合理地进行速度力量素质训练,是提高短跑运动成绩的关键。文章从青少年短跑运动员速度力量训练的特征出发,探讨发展其速度力量方法,力图为青少年短跑运动员的速度力量训练提供参考。 相似文献
7.
牵引跑作为当代短跑训练的一种手段,已为各级短跑教练所接受,并在运动训练中已广泛采用。就目前我国一般的业余训练乃至专业训练,采用较多的牵引方法有自行车牵引或摩托车牵引乃至人牵引,至于较为先进的牵引机定速牵引或汽车牵引至直升飞机牵引,鉴于条件允许的限制,恐难以实施,上述几种牵引法,尽管手段不同,但它们的意义都在于:利用牵引绳迫使运动员与牵引速度同步,并经过训练以达到提高跑速的目的。但是,牵引训练是否一定能提高短跑速度?这是评价和选择牵引训练的一个关键问题。如果问题的答案是肯定的,那么牵引训练究竞是提高步频或提高步幅,或是既提高步频又 相似文献
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牟丹 《哈尔滨体育学院学报》2005,23(3)
短跑项目是典型的高强度无氧代谢极限速度性项目,对运动员的力量.速度和速度耐力要求很高。就如何根据普通高校业余短跑运动员的训练特点,选择合理有效的方法手段进行系统的短跑专项训练,有效提高运动员的成绩进行了探讨。 相似文献
10.
短跑运动超量恢复训练效应分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对部分一级以上优秀短跑运动员超量恢复训练实验的跟踪研究,证实了合理利用超量恢复训练原理对发展短跑运动员速度能力的积极效应,进一步明确了短跑运动超量恢复训练的有效方法. 相似文献
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长期以来，大学生在体育锻炼中对耐力跑项目尤其是一年一度的达标1000m跑，普遍存在害怕心理。在教学实验中，运用测心率、按规定时间匀速跑、逐渐加长跑的距离等简单、实用、易学的科学方法，以提高学生对中跑的认识和兴趣，逐步树立中跑健身锻炼的思想理念。 相似文献
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Claudia Knoepfli-Lenzin Jennifer Carole Waech Turgut Gülay Florian Schellenberg Silvio Lorenzetti 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(18):1671-1679
AbstractRunning shoe construction influences the forces experienced by the human body while running. The aim of this study was to ascertain whether the new sole architecture of the On running shoe reduces ground reaction forces compared with running barefoot or with a conventional running shoe and whether it changes the physiological parameters of running in shoes. Thirty-seven trained male participants were studied while running at submaximal speeds wearing their conventional running shoe, wearing the On running shoe and while barefoot. Additional biomechanical and physiological values were investigated to determine whether the On running shoe induced any changes in these parameters compared with conventional running shoes. The On exhibited similar ground reaction forces as conventional shoes, and these were different from the forces experienced while running barefoot, showing that the On was more similar to typical shoed running. No difference was observed in running economy between the On and a conventional shoe model. However, a slightly lower heart rate (HR) (≈1.3%) and blood lactate concentration (≈5.5%) were observed during submaximal running with the On running shoe compared with a conventional running shoe, as well as a greater lateral deviation of the centre of pressure mid-stance. The ramifications of the reduced HR and blood lactate concentration for competitive performance are unknown. 相似文献
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A number of studies have shown that attentional focus instructions can effect running economy. This study assessed spiroergometry, as well as running kinematics as a possible mechanism to explain these effects. Twelve runners had to focus their attention on either their running movement, their breathing or on a video while running on a treadmill at a set, submaximum speed. Spiroergometry and running kinematics were measured. Results revealed worse running economy in both internal focus conditions (breathing and movement) compared to the external focus condition (video), replicating previous findings. In addition, vertical oscillation during the running movement was elevated in the movement compared to the video condition, indicating a less efficient running style. No changes in kinematics were found for the breathing compared to the video condition. Therefore, consciously focusing on the running movement moves runners away from their optimised running pattern and leads to detriments in economy. The decreases in running economy in the breathing condition can be better explained by changes in breathing patterns. 相似文献
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水中跑是十分常见的水下训练手段，常见的运动方式有深水跑、浅水跑、水中跑台跑。水中跑同陆上跑相比，具有不同的特征，在康复训练中有重要的作用。通过文献资料法，总结分析国内外关于水中跑的应用和研究进展，为以后的科研和应用提供理论依据。 相似文献
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现代男子100米跑速度节奏特征及发展趋势的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
遵循现代短跑理论,运用文献资料、数据统计、对经分析和逻辑分析方法,对９０年代１４名世界优秀选手１００ｍ跑速度节奏进行了研究,表明：起距后加速跑、涂中跑和终点跑合理的时间分配应分别为成绩的３７．６２％、４４．２５％、１８．１３％;“多峰型”速度节奏的技术值得商榷,现代男子１００ｍ跑速度节奏表现为“堤坝型”特征;缩短涂中跑加速距离,提高途中跑最大速度,增加作中跑最大速度的跑进距离,减少终点跑速度降低, 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are differences in the perceived comfort, plantar pressure, and rearfoot motion between laced running shoes and elastic-covered running shoes. Fifteen male amateur runners participated in the study. Each participant was assigned laced running shoes and elastic-covered running shoes for use during the study. The perceived comfort, plantar loading, and rearfoot motion control of each type of shoes during running were recorded. When the laced running shoes and elastic-covered running shoes were compared, the elastic-covered running shoes were given a lower perceived comfort rating in terms of shoe length, width, heel cup fitting, and forefoot cushioning. The elastic-covered running shoes also recorded higher peak plantar pressure in the lateral side of the forefoot, as well as larger maximum rearfoot pronation. Overall, shoelaces can help runners obtain better foot-shoe fit. They increase the perceived comfort, and decrease the maximum pronation and plantar pressure. Moreover, shoelaces may help prevent injury in running by allowing better control of the aforementioned factors. 相似文献
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《运动与健康科学(英文)》2014,3(2):67-73
BackgroundNumerous studies about the interaction between footwear (and barefoot) and kinematic and kinetic outcomes have been published over the last few years. Recent studies however lead to the conclusion that the assumed interactions depend mainly on the subjects' experience of barefoot (BF) walking/running, the preferred running strike pattern, the speed, the hardness of the surface, the thickness of the midsole material, and the runners' level of ability. The aim of the present study was to investigate lower leg kinematics of BF running and running in minimal running shoes (MRS) to assess comparability of BF kinematics in both conditions. To systematically compare both conditions we monitored the influencing variables described above in our measurement setup. We hypothesized that running in MRS does not alter lower leg kinematics compared to BF running.MethodsThirty-seven subjects, injury-free and active in sports, ran BF on an EVA foam runway, and also ran shod wearing Nike Free 3.0 on a tartan indoor track. Lower-leg 3D kinematics was measured to quantify rearfoot and ankle movements. Skin markers were used in both shod and BF running.ResultsAll runners revealed rearfoot strike pattern when running barefoot. Differences between BF and MRS running occurred particularly during the initial stance phase of running, both in the sagittal and the frontal planes. BF running revealed a flatter foot placement, a more plantar flexed ankle joint and less inverted rearfoot at touchdown compared to MRS running.ConclusionBF running does not change the landing automatically to forefoot running, especially after a systematic exclusion of surface and other influencing factors. The Nike Free 3.0 mimics some BF features. Nevertheless, changes in design of the Nike Free should be considered in order to mimic BF movement even more closely. 相似文献
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近年来伴随着马拉松热,越野跑赛事在我国迅速发展。赛道路况复杂、户外天气多变等因素,导致越野跑赛事危险性较高。加之我国越野跑赛事起步晚,发展尚不充分,致使部分越野跑赛事的安全性得不到保障。第四届黄河石林山地马拉松百公里越野赛事故,更是敲响了警钟。安全性是越野跑赛事乃至整个体育赛事的根本,提高越野跑赛事的安全性迫在眉睫。通过文献资料研究、案例研究等方法,以提高越野跑赛事的安全性为逻辑主线,以第四届黄河石林百公里越野赛为例,对越野跑运动赛事组织标准、越野跑运动员的自身安全意识与赛事风险认知、越野跑赛事标准的执行、越野跑运动赛事准入制度、越野跑赛事监督等方面进行分析。基于此,对提高越野跑赛事的安全性提出建议。 相似文献
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《运动与健康科学(英文)》2014,3(2):131-136
BackgroundRunning is becoming an increasingly popular activity among Americans with over 50 million participants. Running shoe research and technology has continued to advance with no decrease in overall running injury rates. A growing group of runners are making the choice to try the minimal or barefoot running styles of the pre-modern running shoe era. There is some evidence of decreased forces and torques on the lower extremities with barefoot running, but no clear data regarding how this corresponds with injuries. The purpose of this survey study was to examine factors related to performance and injury in runners who have tried barefoot running.MethodsThe University of Virginia Center for Endurance Sport created a 10-question survey regarding barefoot running that was posted on a variety of running blogs and Facebook pages. Percentages were calculated for each question across all surveys. Five hundred and nine participants responded with over 93% of them incorporating some type of barefoot running into their weekly mileage.ResultsA majority of the participants (53%) viewed barefoot running as a training tool to improve specific aspects of their running. However, close to half (46%) viewed barefoot training as a viable alternative to shoes for logging their miles. A large portion of runners initially tried barefoot running due to the promise of improved efficiency (60%), an attempt to get past injury (53%) and/or the recent media hype around the practice (52%). A large majority (68%) of runners participating in the study experienced no new injuries after starting barefoot running. In fact, most respondents (69%) actually had their previous injuries go away after starting barefoot running. Runners responded that their previous knee (46%), foot (19%), ankle (17%), hip (14%), and low back (14%) injuries all proceeded to improve after starting barefoot running.ConclusionPrior studies have found that barefoot running often changes biomechanics compared to shod running with a hypothesized relationship of decreased injuries. This paper reports the result of a survey of 509 runners. The results suggest that a large percentage of this sample of runners experienced benefits or no serious harm from transitioning to barefoot or minimal shoe running. 相似文献
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Hannelore Boey Jeroen Aeles Kurt Schütte Benedicte Vanwanseele 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2017,16(2):166-176
Research has focused on parameters that are associated with injury risk, e.g. vertical acceleration. These parameters can be influenced by running on different surfaces or at different running speeds, but the relationship between them is not completely clear. Understanding the relationship may result in training guidelines to reduce the injury risk. In this study, thirty-five participants with three different levels of running experience were recruited. Participants ran on three different surfaces (concrete, synthetic running track, and woodchip trail) at two different running speeds: a self-selected comfortable speed and a fixed speed of 3.06 m/s. Vertical acceleration of the lower leg was measured with an accelerometer. The vertical acceleration was significantly lower during running on the woodchip trail in comparison with the synthetic running track and the concrete, and significantly lower during running at lower speed in comparison with during running at higher speed on all surfaces. No significant differences in vertical acceleration were found between the three groups of runners at fixed speed. Higher self-selected speed due to higher performance level also did not result in higher vertical acceleration. These results may show that running on a woodchip trail and slowing down could reduce the injury risk at the tibia. 相似文献