共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 268 毫秒
1.
Abstract We examined the extent to which attributions are consistent in the days following competition and how attributions made immediately after competition may influence the temporal patterning of emotions experienced in response to competition. A sample of 60 adult female golfers completed measures of performance satisfaction, causal attribution, and emotion immediately after competition, 5 h after competition, and 2 days after competition. Repeated-measures multivariate analysis of covariance indicated that attributions did not change over this period. Emotions showed a significant decrease in intensity over the 5-h post-competition period. Regression analyses indicated that changes in anger and dejection were more likely in the case of less successful performances. For anger, attributions moderated this level of change. Golfers experienced anger for a longer period when they identified the cause of poor performance as stable rather than unstable. Thus, in the present sample although attributions did not change over 2 days, the longevity of anger depended on the attributions made immediately after competition. 相似文献
2.
Effects of Achieving Tendency,Gender, and Outcome on Causal Attributions following Motor Performance
Jacqueline H. Gillis 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):610-619
A test of Weiner's propositions of the effects of achieving tendency on causal attributions was conducted using a stabilometer performance as the criterion task. The Achieving Tendency Scale and the Internal-External Control Scale were administered to 930 college students. From these, 120 subjects who had extreme scores on the ATS and moderate scores on the I-E Scale were selected for the experiment. Subjects performed one 30-second trial on either a spring-assisted or a non-spring-assisted stabilometer. The importance of the causal factors of ability, effort, task difficulty, and luck as influences on performance were then rated. A 2 × 2 × 2 MANOVA was performed across the ratings of the four factors, with achieving tendency, gender, and outcome considered as independent variables. The only significant effect was a main effect for outcome (p < .001). Subsequent univariate analyses indicated that only effort attributions differed as a function of outcome (p < .001). Those who succeeded perceived effort to be more important than those who failed. Also, a significant univariate effect (p < .02) was found for gender on the luck factor; females perceived luck to be more important than did males. These results are discussed in terms of methodological and theoretical considerations. 相似文献
3.
Abstract We examined the association between celebratory responses after successful soccer penalty kicks and the outcome of a penalty shootout. Individually displayed post-shot behaviours in penalty shootouts held in World Cups and European Championships (N = 151) were rated on the presence of universally distinct and recognizable behaviours associated with positive emotions. Using chi-square analyses we investigated which behaviours were associated with winning the shootout, when the relative standing between the teams was equal. Players who engaged in certain celebratory post-shot behaviours were more likely to be in the team that ultimately won the penalty shootout. In particular, celebrations including both arms were associated with winning the shootout. It was more likely that the next kick taken by an opponent was missed after a player displayed these behaviours after a goal than when he did not. The findings are interpreted in terms of emotional contagion – that is, the transference of emotions from individuals onto teammates and opponents. It is suggested that the individual expression of post-performance emotions serves a direct purpose in enhancing future team performance and that emotional contagion is an important process in the context of elite sport performance. 相似文献
4.
面对新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的爆发,网络体育健身视频成为体育抗疫的"急先锋",对其持续使用意愿影响因素进行分析可为推进体育产业和全民健身事业发展提供借鉴。基于使用与满足理论视角,通过问卷调查和结构方程模型构建影响因素研究模型,针对典型群体进行实证分析。结果表明:1)使用与满足理论适用于网络体育健身视频研究,并有着较强的解释力;2)信息需求、社交需求、好奇心的满足感正向影响网络体育健身视频用户的积极情绪获取;3)积极情绪显著正向影响网络体育健身视频用户的持续使用意愿。实践启示:1)提升网络体育健身视频信息质量;2)优化网络体育健身的社交功能;3)开发网络体育健身视频的眼球效应。 相似文献
5.
6.
A questionnaire consisting of 20 positive and negative statements frequently made about youth sports was completed by 423 nonschool youth sport coaches from Illinois and Missouri. The coaches indicated to what degree they agreed with the statements for the sport in general, and for the particular program in which they coached. Coaches from eight sports were sampled: baseball/softball, basketball, football, gymnastics, hockey, soccer, swimming, and wrestling. The results revealed that coaches have generally favorable attitudes toward youth sports, supporting the value of participation for the well-being of children. One exception to the coaches' generally favorable attitudes was their moderate agreement that too much emphasis is placed on winning. It also was found that the coaches' 20 specific agreement ratings could be reduced to 4 interpretable factors—“positive attitudes,” “negative facets of youth sports programs,” “negative consequences for participants,” and “equipment and facilities not adequate.” Factor scores computed for these factors were found to differ as a function of sport coached and the coach's education, formal training, coaching experience, sex, occupation, and community size. In a second section of the survey, the coaches rated the importance of including various technical and sport science topics in coaching clinics and workshops. 相似文献
7.
Susan C. Duncan Terry E. Duncan Lisa A. Strycker Nigel R. Chaumeton 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):457-463
Purpose: The aims of this study were to analyze the intensity of emotions (positive, negative, or ambiguous) produced when players took part in traditional games with a different social structure and to examine the explanations given by those participants for these emotional experiences. Method: Participants (N = 556) were recruited from 4 Spanish universities. After taking part in each of the games, they were asked to complete the Games and Emotions Questionnaire to indicate the intensity of their emotional experiences and to explain what, in their view, had led to the strongest emotion felt. Results: The application of a mixed-methods approach identified statistically significant differences in relation to 3 variables. These were (a) the type of emotion, (b) motor domain, and (c) type of result (win, loss, and noncompetitive). The intensity of positive emotions was higher in cooperative games and lower in individual games. Comments referring to negative emotions were more frequent as the social structure of games became more complex (minimal presence of individual games and predominance of cooperation-opposition games). Winning was associated with the highest intensity ratings of positive and ambiguous emotions, whereas being defeated produced the highest values for negative emotions. The intensity ratings for negative emotions were lower in noncompetitive games than in games where players lost. Conclusion: The results confirm that traditional games can play a key role in relation to the emotional facets of physical education. 相似文献
8.
This article presents the results of two research projects on the emotions of men engaged in achievement outdoor sports. The conditions were analyzed under which emotions carry out positive functions. The question strikes us as a fundamental one, because it is of crucial importance when it comes to increasing sportspeople's success. The theoretical framework applied was that of microfunctionalism. The method, of a qualitative nature, was based on in-depth interviews, each lasting between 1.5 and 2 hr with a total of 14 sportspersons. The results show that in order for emotions to fulfill positive functions, three conditions must be met: (a) existence of passion, which, with its dialectical character of pleasure and suffering underlies all the other emotions and acts as a motor that pushes the sportsperson forward, despite all the contretemps he might meet on the way; (b) intense emotion work, which may be conducted only if accompanied by knowledge and experience of the natural environment acquired over the years; and (c) conciliation between emotion work and the feeling rules characteristic of each sport subculture. For those individuals who pursue achievement in outdoor sports, these results will provide more concrete indications regarding how to carry out the emotional preparation required for these sports. 相似文献
9.
Within the self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 2000) framework, research has considered the consequences of coaches' autonomy supportive and controlling behaviors on various athlete outcomes (e.g., motivation and performance). The antecedents of such behaviors, however, have received little attention. Coaches (N = 443) from a variety of sports and competitive levels completed a self-report questionnaire to assess their psychological need satisfaction, well-being and perceived interpersonal behaviors toward their athletes. Structural equation modeling demonstrated that coaches' competence and autonomy need satisfaction positively predicted their levels of psychological well-being, as indexed by positive affect and subjective vitality. In turn, coaches' psychological well-being positively predicted their perceived autonomy support toward their athletes, and negatively predicted their perceived controlling behaviors. Overall, the results highlight the importance of coaching contexts that facilitate coaches' psychological need satisfaction and well-being, thereby increasing the likelihood of adaptive coach interpersonal behavior toward athletes. 相似文献
10.
《International review of sport and exercise psychology》2013,6(1):50-69
Emotions have firmly established their place in sport psychology research over the past 40 years. For many decades following World War II, mainstream psychology researchers placed negative emotions (e.g., anxiety) ahead of positive emotions (e.g., happiness) but positive emotions are now a genuine, promising field of research because of their influence on specific components of performance (e.g., attention) and psychological well-being. The benefits of these emotions have hitherto not been wholly realized in a sport context, especially in their capacity to generate greater self-efficacy, motivation, attention, problem-solving, and coping with adversity. Although the sport emotion literature is sprinkled with studies that specifically examined positive emotion in sport settings, the breadth and depth of this research is too thin to make bold claims about the value of positive emotions in the emotion-performance relation. There are, however, at least three theoretical models available to sport psychologists to better understand the influence of positive emotions on sport performance and two of these models are specifically designed for sport contexts. Not only can these models deepen and widen this knowledge base, but they can also support interventions in applied settings to improve performance and psychological well-being. 相似文献
11.
The BASES expert statement on emotion regulation in sport 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Emotions experienced before and during sports competition have been found to influence sports performance. Emotion regulation is defined as the automatic or deliberate use of strategies to initiate, maintain, modify or display emotions (Gross & Thompson, 2007) and is proposed to occur when a discrepancy exists between current and desired emotions. Two distinct motivations to regulate emotion - hedonic and instrumental (in short, for pleasure or for purpose) - have been proposed (Tamir, 2009). The instrumental approach might provide a more fruitful area of investigation for sports researchers as some athletes hold beliefs that supposedly pleasant emotions such as happiness and calmness associate with poor performance and supposedly unpleasant emotions such as anxiety and anger associate with good performance (Hanin, 2010). Athletes are more likely to try to regulate an emotion if they believe that doing so will facilitate performance. Strategies that encourage re-appraisal of factors that trigger emotions are proposed to be preferable. In this British Association of Sport and Exercise Sciences (BASES) expert statement, a summary of the key theoretical issues are offered leading to evidence-based recommendations for practitioners and researchers. 相似文献
12.
13.
情绪是心态的核心,积极的情绪是稳定心态、控制射击过程稳定的前提。射击运动是一项技术心理能力要求极高,受情绪因素影响较大的运动项目,时下,在体育竞赛异常激烈,关于情绪控制的较量已成为射击运动员竞赛的重要制胜因素,是射手比赛发挥技术创造优异成绩的关键。强化对运动员的情绪调控,努力提高他们适应环境的能力,培养良好的心理品质,对提高运动员的情绪控制能力具有重要意义。对射击运动员情绪调控的重要性进行分析研究,旨在为射击运动员及教练员日后的训练和比赛提供指导。 相似文献
14.
奥运文化与中、小学学生爱国主义教育关系的实证研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以第28届奥运会中国与国外运动员部分夺冠场景为实验信源(剪辑),采用问卷调查等方法,探究中、小学学生在观看中国与国外运动员夺冠场景中所表现出来的体育情感和爱国主义倾向。研究表明,青少年学生对奥运会上运动员夺冠场面的情感体验不仅强烈,而且具有较强的爱国主义意识和指向性,男生和女生的情感体验基本相同,而小学生对运动员夺冠的精彩表现更感兴趣。研究结果从理论和实践上证实了奥运文化对我国青少年的爱国主义情感激发的作用和教育的价值。 相似文献
15.
We examined the factors affecting the outcome of cricket matches played in the English one-day county cricket league. In particular, we focused on the home-field effect and the importance of winning the pre-match toss of a coin to determine a team's strategic decision to bat first or second. A home-field effect appeared to be confirmed in that home teams won 57% of all matches with a win/loss result. A logistical regression model was used, with the outcome variable defined in terms of a home team win/loss. We found that while winning the toss is an important aspect of a one-day cricket match, other factors tend to dominate in determining the result, especially team quality and match importance for the home and away teams in the overall league context. Our results also indicate, not surprisingly given the nature of cricket attendance and spectating, that the crowd effect is largely insignificant. The results of our study do not support any rule changes requiring the abandonment of the coin toss to determine batting order. 相似文献
16.
浅析健美操教学中影响学生情绪的主要因素 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
武丽娟 《沈阳体育学院学报》2003,(2):86-87
依据教育心理学有关理论 ,着重分析了健美操教学中影响学生情绪的几个主要因素 ,并对如何激发和保持学生的积极性情绪作了相应的阐述。 相似文献
17.
Andrew M. Lane Tracey J. Devonport Andrew P. Friesen Christopher J. Beedie Christopher L. Fullerton Damian M. Stanley 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(4):465-472
The present study investigated the effects of emotion regulation strategies on self-reported emotions and 1600?m track running performance. In stage 1 of a three-stage study, participants (N?=?15) reported emotional states associated with best, worst and ideal performance. Results indicated that a best and ideal emotional state for performance composed of feeling happy, calm, energetic and moderately anxious whereas the worst emotional state for performance composed of feeling downhearted, sluggish and highly anxious. In stage 2, emotion regulation interventions were developed using online material and supported by electronic feedback. One intervention motivated participants to increase the intensity of unpleasant emotions (e.g. feel more angry and anxious). A second intervention motivated participants to reduce the intensity of unpleasant emotions (e.g. feel less angry and anxious). In stage 3, using a repeated measures design, participants used each intervention before running a 1600?m time trial. Data were compared with a no treatment control condition. The intervention designed to increase the intensity of unpleasant emotions resulted in higher anxiety and lower calmness scores but no significant effects on 1600?m running time. The intervention designed to reduce the intensity of unpleasant emotions was associated with significantly slower times for the first 400?m. We suggest future research should investigate emotion regulation, emotion and performance using quasi-experimental methods with performance measures that are meaningful to participants. 相似文献
18.
教练员的心理疲劳是较少得到重视但对训练竞赛和运动员产生重要影响的因素。以Maslach的心理疲劳理论为基础,从成就感降低、情绪/体力耗竭、运动负评价3个心理疲劳维度出发,应用修订的教练员心理疲劳问卷CBQ对296名教练员进行测量并调查他们的工作特征,重点分析教练员心理疲劳的相关因素。标准回归分析表明,对于成就感降低维度起预测作用的有3个变量,分别是文化程度、执教年限、每周工作小时数;对情绪体力耗竭维度起预测作用的是执教年限、工作量主观感受程度;而对于运动负评价维度起预测作用的有执教年限、工作量主观感受程度、周工作小时数等3个变量。教练员心理疲劳与教练员工作满意感有显著相关关系,成就感降低越少、情绪体力耗竭越少、对运动负评价越低,工作满意感越高。 相似文献
19.
陆守芹 《哈尔滨体育学院学报》2008,26(5)
以身体自尊与心理满意度量表为研究工具,并结合体育锻炼情况对83名职业学校学生身体自尊与心理满意度进行调查分析。研究发现男生比女生更积极参加体育锻炼,经常参加锻炼学生身体自我价值感、运动能力和身体状况显著优于不经常参加锻炼的学生。身体自我价值感和运动能力、身体状况、身体吸引力、身体素质均有非常显著性正相关,运动能力、身体状况、身体吸引力、身体素质相互之间均具有非常显著性正相关。情感平衡与负性情感呈非常显著性负相关,与正性情感有非常显著性正相关。负性情感维度与身体自我价值感、身体素质有显著性负相关。职业学校学生身体自尊与心理满意度具有密切关系,经常参加体育锻炼的学生身体自尊水平较高。 相似文献
20.
Yohan Saby Yann Pupier Emma Guillet-Descas Michel Nicolas Guillaume Martinent 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(11-12):1368-1379
ABSTRACT Grounded in Lazarus’s (1999) cognitive motivational relational theory of emotions, this study aimed to explore longitudinal relationships between appraisals, everyday emotions related to the competitive environment and emotional regulation strategies during a competitive season. Forty adolescent soccer players (Mage = 15.8) involved in an intensive training centre from a professional club voluntarily participated to the study. A series of hierarchical linear modelling analyses were conducted upon the 9 measurement times to: (a) examine the relationships between appraisals (threat, challenge, loss), pleasant (happiness, excitement) and unpleasant (anxiety, dejection, anger) emotions, and emotional regulation strategies (adaptive and less adaptive); and (b) ascertain whether the relationships between appraisals and emotions were mediated by emotion regulation strategies. The results of the random coefficient regression models showed: (a) positive relationships between challenge appraisal, adaptive emotion regulation, and pleasant emotions as well as between threat and loss appraisals, less adaptive emotion regulation and unpleasant emotions; and (b) mediating effects of emotional regulation strategies in the appraisals – emotions relationships. As a whole, this study furthered knowledge base about the competitive environment in showing that appraisals, emotion regulation and emotions are intertwined psychological constructs in a dynamic relationship allowing athletes to continuously adjust to their constantly changing everyday demands. 相似文献