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1.
近年来研究表明,自我意识情绪影响个体在道德情境下进行道德推理的过程,移情作为内化的道德取向对道德行为选择和道德价值取向有显著的影响,适度体验羞耻、内疚和自豪的个体,道德推理和决策都倾向于亲社会。文章主要从以上几个方面揭示情绪在道德推理中的作用,旨在更加深入的理解道德推理的发展。 相似文献
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近年来研究表明,自我意识情绪影响个体在道德情境下进行道德推理的过程,移情作为内化的道德取向对道德行为选择和道德价值取向有显著的影响,适度体验羞耻、内疚和自豪的个体,道德推理和决策都倾向于亲社会。文章主要从以上几个方面揭示情绪在道德推理中的作用,旨在更加深入的理解道德推理的发展。 相似文献
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面对日益突出的社会道德问题,传统的"道德认知教育"显得力不从心。认知神经科学对道德领域的介入,可为学校道德教育的改革提供科学的理论基础。认知神经科学的研究成果说明道德判断既是"认知推理的"也是"情绪直觉"的过程,在某些道德情境中情绪直觉过程还起着主要作用。培养学生们的道德情感,促进学生内化情感充裕的道德知识是认知神经科学研究带给我们的最重要启示,也是解决现行认知德育教育低效的根本途径。基于认知神经科学研究成果的德育教育除了应从德育内容的科学选择入手外,还要合理运用教育设计、教育实施和教育评价等一系列整合性实施策略。 相似文献
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责任行为是道德行为教育的重要目标之一。它是一种需要自我动机和自我导向的道德行为,而不是依靠外部监督与奖惩而被动遵从规则的结果。道德情绪(移情、内疚和羞愧等)与社会认知能力(了解亲社会行为的必要性、做出积极道德推理、按道德推理做出行为决策、按道德信念与意向行事等)在责任行为发展中起着重要的作用。 相似文献
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情绪在品德心理中的作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
品德心理包括对情境的解释、道德判断、道德抉择和道德行为四个过程。情绪在品德心理形成过程中究竟起什么作用,这是一个有争论的问题。情绪作用阶段论的看法是情绪参与品德心理的某个过程,主要是在道德判断或道德推理中起作用;情绪作用的整体观认为情绪参与品德心理的整个过程,在品德心理的四个过程中都发挥作用。作者在梳理这两类观点的基础上,审视了当代情绪研究的行为学和认知神经科学证据,并提出情绪作用的未来研究方向。 相似文献
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道德自我和情绪体验在个体发展和道德教育中的作用日益受到重视.以往的研究较多关注认知因素对道德自我的影响,较为忽视情绪因素对道德自我的影响.情绪心理学和品德心理学的新近研究表明,情绪体验对学生的道德自我认知、道德自我情感和道德自我调控具有重要影响.这对于我国中小学的德育实践很有启发意义. 相似文献
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道德判断的双加工理论认为道德判断是认知和情绪平等竞争的过程,情绪战胜认知做出道义判断,认知战胜情绪则做出功利判断。但也有研究者对其实验过程进行质疑,认为道德判断的过程是单加工。今后研究应对双加工与单加工之间的分歧进行比较。探索情绪和认知对道德判断发生变化的影响程度,并注重道德判断的实验材料的真实性、情景性和文化差异等因素的影响。 相似文献
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情绪认知是儿童心理理论的重要组成部分,幼儿阶段是儿童情绪认知迅速发展的时期,它在儿童的社会交往中具有不容忽视的作用。研究表明,儿童的情绪认知可分为面部表情的认知、愿望和信念的理解、情绪理解与情绪调节和儿童道德情绪认知几个部分。 相似文献
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Considering a company’s limited time and resources, an effective training method that improves employees’ ability to make ethical decision is needed. Based on social cognitive theory, this study proposes that employing games in an ethics training program can help improve moral reasoning through actively engaging learners. The experimental design with an ethic board game as the experimental group and ethics instructions as the comparison group was conducted to examine the effectiveness of a game-based ethic training method on improving moral reasoning. Results show that using games in an ethics training program significantly decreases respondents’ importance rating on issues associated with lower stages of an individual’s cognitive moral development (CMD) and increases their importance rating on issues associated with the highest stage of CMD. In addition, a game-based ethics training program was found to produce significantly greater change on the importance rating towards issues associated with the middle stage of CMD than a non-game based ethics training program. These findings suggest that a game-based ethics training program could effectively develop moral reasoning, and shape moral views better than a non-game-based training program. Discussions and suggestions for future research were included to conclude this study. 相似文献
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Büşra Tuncay Özgül Yılmaz-Tüzün Gaye Tuncer Teksoz 《Environmental Education Research》2012,18(4):485-505
This study investigated pre-service science teachers’ (PSTs’) moral reasoning patterns and the factors underlying these reasoning patterns. Local and non-local environmental dilemmas were used to examine moral reasoning patterns. An explanatory design was used with the collection and analysis of quantitative data, which was subsequently refined using qualitative interview data. For the quantitative part of the study, PSTs were asked to comment on four local and non-local environmental dilemmas (i.e. deforestation, e-waste, oil spills, and global warming). The responses were categorized as ecocentric, anthropocentric, or non-environmental reasoning. The findings showed that the participants’ moral reasoning focused on both ecocentric and anthropocentric perspectives, with a few displaying non-environmental reasoning. Concern for environmental problems was related to perceptions of whether the issue was directly related to nature, and was independent of whether the issues were local or non-local. The Moral Decision Making Interview protocol was used in the qualitative part of the study. Analysis revealed that the participants’ moral decisions were based on their resolutions in situational context and their concerns showed variations in their moral reasoning due to different factors like, effect on human life, formal principles, notion of rights, moral emotions, potential harm to others, and popular culture. 相似文献
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Elaine Doyle 《Irish Educational Studies》2013,32(2):183-205
This paper outlines the development and implementation of an online educational intervention designed to enhance moral reasoning in higher level tax students. Before decisions are made about how to behave ethically, cognitive moral reasoning takes place. The importance of education in developing morally sensitive individuals who use principled moral reasoning has been widely acknowledged. The literature contends that moral reasoning might be enhanced through certain forms of intervention studies. An online educational intervention designed to enhance moral reasoning in tax was developed and empirically tested for effectiveness through the use of a pre- and post-test and focus group feedback gathered from students. Students' contributions to ethical discussions were analysed to determine their perceptions of salient issues concerning ethics in tax. This paper will inform future educators and researchers designing effective ethics interventions. 相似文献
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《Journal of moral education》2012,41(3):387-389
Kohlberg's theory of moral development explores the roles of cognition and emotion but focuses primarily on cognition. Contemporary post‐formal theories lead to the conclusion that skills resulting from cognitive‐affective integration facilitate consistency between moral judgement and moral behaviour. Rest's four‐component model of moral development delineates these skills specifically. The components, moral motivation, moral sensitivity, moral reasoning and moral character, operate as multidimensional processes that facilitate moral development and subsequently promote moral behaviour. The relationships between these components have been relatively unexplored, thereby missing the opportunity to unpack the processes underlying moral growth and development. In this study, moral motivation (spirituality), moral sensitivity (post‐formal skills) and moral reasoning are operationalized to examine the mediational effects of moral sensitivity of medical students. In the complex moral environment of medical students opportunities arise to question values and develop cognitive‐affective skills, among them spirituality and post‐formal thinking which are linked to increases in post‐conventional moral reasoning. The models tested indicate that moral sensitivity mediates the relationship between moral motivation and moral reasoning. 相似文献
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Matthew W. Keefer 《Educational theory》2013,63(2):113-132
In recent years, there has been a proliferation of new research on moral thinking informed by evolutionary theory. The new findings have emanated from a wide variety of fields. While there is no shortage of theoretical models that attempt to account for specific research findings, Matthew Keefer's goals in this essay are more general. First, he examines the strength of the evolutionary approach to understanding morality and moral emotions as adaptations to cooperation. Second, he considers the importance of unconscious processing for generating ethical (or unethical) behavior and the complex relation among moral emotions, intuitions, and conscious moral reasoning. Third, he underscores the importance of understanding self‐deception and self‐serving biases in moral thinking and behavior. Keefer ends the essay with a discussion of some implications of these considerations for professional ethics and moral education. 相似文献
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《Journal of moral education》2012,41(4):443-459
This paper presents three studies exploring the relationship between emotional responses to classic cognitive developmental moral dilemmas and moral reasoning indices as measured by the Defining Issues Test (DIT). Each study indicated that certain moral dilemmas elicit varying levels of anger and sadness as compared to a neutral baseline. In each study, decreased moral reasoning was observed in those instances where reports in both sadness and anger were high following a dilemma. This did not occur, however, in those instances where only sadness or anger was high following a dilemma. Affective inductions prior to taking the DIT (study 3) did not impact trends beyond that found for individual moral dilemmas in studies 1 and 2. Although certain dilemmas elicited affective states that temporarily influenced reasoning, in general participants’ reasoning levels stayed consistent across dilemmas. Results are discussed in terms of the role of affect on the moral judgment process. 相似文献
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《Journal of moral education》2012,41(4):233-246
Abstract According to the cognitive‐developmental theory, intellectual development is best understood in terms of age‐related changes. This has been found to be a valid theory in the case of mentally subnormal subjects as well, although their development proceeds at a speed and up to a level different from their normal age‐mates. The same theory has been applied to moral development and describes it, likewise, as a stage‐like progress of moral reasoning with age. The present study tries to answer the following question: Does the moral reasoning of the subjects classified as subnormal change with age so that it can be said to develop? According to the results obtained (dealing with subjects nine‐, 11‐, 13‐, 15‐ and 17‐years‐old), the cognitive‐developmental hypothesis of moral development is only partially confirmed. Namely, there is a development from the less to the more mature forms of moral reasoning, but the course of that development is not entirely such as the theory assumes. Moreover, moral reasoning of the subjects in this study is more advanced than their intelligence level as expressed by the IQ score. 相似文献
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为了解青年学生道德认知发展阶段中表现出的思维特征,借助科尔伯格的道德两难故事对高职高专类院校的青年学生进行随机调查发现:青年学生在一定发展阶段上往往不是使用单一阶段的推理,而通常使用几个相邻阶段的推理,即其道德发展阶段是交叉并行的,而且,道德判断系统与特定年龄和发展阶段是相联系的。 相似文献
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Dana L. Zeidler 《科学教学研究杂志》1985,22(5):461-471
Measurements of formal reasoning and principled moral reasoning ability were obtained from a sample of 99 tenth grade students. Specific modes of formal reasoning (proportional reasoning, controlling variables, probabilistic, correlational, and combinatorial reasoning) were first examined. Findings support the notion of hierarchical relationships which exist among those variables. Further results from factor analysis provide evidence that the variables represent specific cognitive structures that are interdependent with each other and precede operations in development. Finally, significant relationships were found to exist between the different modes of formal reasoning and principled moral reasoning. Combinatorial and correlational reasoning were found to significantly account for 22% of the variance in principled moral reasoning. Theoretical and educational implications are discussed. 相似文献
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《Journal of moral education》2012,41(3):255-270
This paper takes as its starting point the Journal of Moral Education Special Issue (September, 2008, 37[3]) ‘Towards an integrated model of moral reasoning’. Although explicitly post‐Kohlbergian, the authors in this Special Issue do not, I argue, depart far enough from Kohlberg’s impoverished notion of the role of the affective in moral life—or when they do so depart, they incorporate emotions as mere intuitive thrusts in an essentially polarised two‐system view of the moral self. Prior to that complaint, I sketch an account of two contrasting self‐paradigms: a ‘dominant’ cognitive, anti‐realist (constructivist) paradigm and an ‘alternative’ realist and emotion‐based one. I explore the implications of the latter paradigm, which I endorse, for our understanding of the ‘emotional self’: a self imbued with and constituted by (potentially rationally grounded) emotions. I finally contrast that understanding with the one permeating the Special Issue and elicit some educational implications of the alternative paradigm. 相似文献