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1.
评估——无论采用何种形式——不得不建立在对不同水平和质量的理论思考基础之上。其中至关重要的是测验内容领域要依据教与学的过程来构建。其次,任务是评估相关内容结构的核心工具。因此,在设计对数学的教育评估时,按照合理的标识和特征对任务进行分类就成为一个息息相关的问题,也是一个巨大的挑战。本文重点研究PISA(国际学生评估项目的缩写,是以数学素养为目标的国际比较研究,包括在国家层面德国所做的许多调整)和COACTIV(德国教师数学知识和数学教学知识的一个代表性研究)。两者都旨在实现区分性评估(differentiated assessment),都考虑了评价内容和任务分析的不同方面。区分性评估结果使得我们能够获取有用的信息,进一步推动课堂教与学的发展。这些信息主要表现为两个方面:评估学生不同类型的知识,这些知识类型直接指向课堂教学与学习中存在的各种问题;探索教师知识对学生学习进展的影响,表明哪种教学行为是有效的。 相似文献
2.
This study focuses on quantifying the quality of mathematics teaching in 183 randomly selected sixth grade classrooms: 100 from the North West province of South Africa and 83 from South East Botswana. The teaching quality is measured by coding videotaped lessons for three different components: mathematical proficiency, level of cognitive demand, and observed teacher knowledge. Results suggest that the overall teaching quality is about the same in both regions. Some variation was observed at the level of each component. For example, in the South Africa sample the students engage more in tasks that just involve “memorization” and less in tasks that involve “procedures without connections” in comparison with the Botswana students. Teachers in Botswana implement the official curriculum more faithfully than do those in North West. In both countries most of the learners engaged only in low-level tasks (very little activity involved “procedures with connections”) and teachers demonstrated a lack of knowledge about how to integrate mathematical content with effective pedagogical techniques. 相似文献
3.
数学游戏与初中数学课堂教学 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
庄玉婷 《重庆第二师范学院学报》2006,19(6):125-129
数学游戏作为数学知识的一种载体,兼具知识性、趣味性和娱乐性,因而在课堂教学中引入数学游戏,能有效地激发学生的兴趣,使学生在已有的知识和经验的基础上,主动建构知识,获得数学思想。本文从什么是数学游戏、数学游戏对数学课堂的作用、选用标准以及初中课堂教学实践中如何引入数学游戏和收获体会等几方面等方面进行充分地阐述,结合若干具体的案例进行分析,提出合理运用集数学和游戏于一体的数学游戏,挖掘和发挥数学游戏的作用,对优化数学教学和推进课程改革都具有重要的现实意义。 相似文献
4.
5.
Elements of Epistemological Knowledge for Mathematics Teachers 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Heinz Steinbring 《Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education》1998,1(2):157-189
Epistemological knowledge of mathematics in social learning settings is an important type of professional knowledge for mathematics
teachers because it refers to social and interactive processes of communication. This article focuses on one central aspect
of epistemological mathematical knowledge, namely on the problematique of how mathematical signs and symbols gain meaning
in the interactive social processes of teaching and learning. A teaching episode is presented and analyzed from an epistemological
perspective. This analysis leads to the identification of three important components of epistemological knowledge that could
be introduced into the education of mathematics teachers: the developmental nature of mathematical knowledge; interactive
social processes of mathematical communication as autonomous systems; and the interdependence of social and epistemological
constraints in mathematical communication.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
6.
朱海祥 《山东教育学院学报》2014,(1):54-59
数学课堂教学任务认知水平是对学生学习效果进行过程性评价的重要手段,通过方差分析及回归分析影响不同学业成绩、年级、性别学生数学课堂教学任务认知水平的各种因素及其重要程度.不同学业成绩和性别的学生在任务认知水平及多数影响因素方面差异显著;不同年级的学生在任务认知水平及多数影响因素方面差异不显著;影响任务认知水平最重要的三种因素是数学教学情境、数学课堂交流、数学知识应用,构建科学的评价任务认知水平的模式,为测量学生任务认知水平和实施高水平认知要求的教学任务提供可操性方法. 相似文献
7.
束建华 《成都教育学院学报》2011,(4):90-93
结合教学实际具体分析应用数学专业＂数据结构＂课程的指导思想、技术特点、知识结构以及所遇到的问题和解决方法,系统阐述学习该课程的教学思路,并把数学建模的思路和思想应用到数据结构教学中。教学实践表明,该教学思路对于培养学生的逻辑思维和数据抽象能力,尤其是算法的分析和设计能力有着较好的教学效果。 相似文献
8.
This study examines how various teacher characteristics and contextual factors are related to early primary teachers’ beliefs about mathematical teaching and learning and teachers’ attitudes toward their own learning of mathematics. A total of 396 early primary teachers across Nebraska participated in the study. Teacher characteristics and contextual factors were grouped into four sets: teacher professional background, teacher mathematical knowledge for teaching, teaching contexts, and students’ experiences. Multiple regression analyses were conducted with each set of predictors separately, as well as with all four sets together. The results showed significant relationships between teachers’ mathematical knowledge for teaching and teacher-centered beliefs, motivation in learning mathematics, and anxiety toward learning mathematics. Teacher certification level, the number of college math courses taken, and perceived support from colleagues and administrators were also related to some aspects of teachers’ mathematical beliefs and attitudes. The findings suggest the potential role of teachers’ mathematical knowledge for teaching in improving teachers’ mathematical beliefs and attitudes. 相似文献
9.
由于中学数学教育存在某些缺陷,使得相当一部分学生尽管入学成绩不错,但无论在数学基础知识应用方面还是在数学思想方法的掌握方面都有所欠缺.转变学生的数学学习方式,注重数学思想、方法的教学,提升学生的数学学习品质是大学数学教育的所面临的重要任务. 相似文献
10.
Heinz Steinbring 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2005,59(1-3):313-324
This is a commentary paper in the volume on “Teachings situations as object of research: empirical studies within theoretical
perspectives”. An essential object of mathematics education research is the analysis of interactive teaching and learning
processes in which mathematical knowledge is mediated and communicated. Such a research perspective on processes of mathematical interaction has to take care of the difficult relationship between mathematics education theory and everyday mathematics teaching practice.
In this regard, the paper tries to relate the development in mathematics education research within the theory of didactical situations to developments in interaction theory and in the epistemological analysis of mathematical communication. 相似文献
11.
在数学教学中引入游戏教学法,可以调动学生的学习积极性,提高学生的课堂参与度。文章从提高兴趣、开展趣味数字教学,积极参与、感受数学知识的应用,趣味作业、感受数学游戏的应用,加深理解、感受知识的实践过程,训练技巧、提高解题的专业技能,综合知识、感受游戏的实际运用几方面,对引入数学游戏教学法,培养学生自主探索能力进行探究。 相似文献
12.
David Ben-Chaim Yaffa Keret Bat-Sheva Ilany 《Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education》2007,10(4-6):333-340
In this study we created, implemented, and evaluated the impact of proportional reasoning authentic investigative tasks on
the mathematical content and pedagogical knowledge and attitudes of pre-service elementary and middle school mathematics teachers.
For this purpose, a special teaching model was developed, implemented, and tested as part of the pre-service mathematics teacher
education programs conducted in Israeli teacher colleges. The conclusion of the study is that application of the model, through
which the pre-service teachers gain experience of and are exposed to authentic investigative proportional reasoning tasks
with incorporation of theory (reading and analyzing relevant research reports) and practice, leads to a significant positive
change in the pre-service teachers’ mathematical content and pedagogical knowledge. In addition, improvement occurred in their
attitudes and beliefs towards learning and teaching mathematics in general, and ratio and proportion in particular. 相似文献
13.
Jill Porter 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》2019,66(2):133-150
ABSTRACTThe focus of much mathematics teaching has been on the acquisition of counting, an area where children with Down syndrome can experience particular difficulties. Research with typically developing children has highlighted how early awareness of quantity provides a strong platform for the acquisition of later mathematical skills and programmes of early intervention have been introduced. Many of these studies are embedded in the work and traditions of developmental and cognitive psychology and can be difficult to access. Consequently, this is an area that has been largely ignored in the curricula of children with Down syndrome. This paper seeks to make this literature more available. It systematically reviews previous research with children with Down Syndrome on these early foundations. It considers seemingly contradictory findings in the light of differences in tasks, their presentation and instructions, and the responses required, in order to draw conclusions and reflect on the implications for teaching and learning. Some of these propositions are in contrast to existing practices and call for further research to test their effectiveness. 相似文献
14.
结合教学实际具体分析应用数学专业"数据结构"课程的指导思想、技术特点、知识结构以及所遇到的问题和解决方法,系统阐述学习该课程的教学思路,并把数学建模的思路和思想应用到数据结构教学中。教学实践表明,该教学思路对于培养学生的逻辑思维和数据抽象能力,尤其是算法的分析和设计能力有着较好的教学效果。 相似文献
15.
Peter Sullivan Judith Mousley Robyn Zevenbergen 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2006,4(1):117-143
The basic unit of school based mathematics teaching is the lesson. This article is a contribution to understanding teacher actions that facilitate successful lessons, defined as those that engage all students, especially those who may sometimes feel alienated from mathematics and schooling, in productive and successful mathematical thinking and learning. An underlying assumption is that lessons can seek to build a sense in the students that their experience has elements in common with the rest of the class and that this can be done through attention to particular aspects of the mathematical and socio-mathematical goals. We examine three teacher actions that address the mathematical goals: using open-ended tasks, preparing prompts to support students experiencing difficulty, and posing extension tasks to students who finish the set tasks quickly; as well as actions that address the socio-mathematical goals by making classroom processes explicit. To illustrate and elaborate these actions, we describe a particular lesson taught to a heterogeneous upper primary (age 11–12) class. 相似文献
16.
Berry O’Donovan 《Higher Education》2017,74(4):617-633
Students’ beliefs about the nature of knowledge and knowing frame how they interpret their educational experience and their approaches to, and perspectives on, learning, teaching and assessment. This paper draws on previous research identifying the ways of knowing of undergraduates on entry to a UK post-92 university, findings from which confirm the prevalence of absolute beliefs in which knowledge is viewed as certain, uncontested and students are largely authority-dependent. Student perspectives on assessment and feedback are explored based on thematic analysis of student responses within two main categories of beliefs, absolute/dualist versus contextual/pluralist. The paper teases out the implications of these perspectives for students’ satisfaction with their assessment and feedback experience in the context of today’s increasingly market-orientated higher education environment. Findings demonstrate that student perspectives on, and satisfaction with, assessment and feedback are strongly intertwined with their beliefs on knowledge and teaching. Students holding absolute/dualist beliefs considered ‘good’ assessment and feedback practice to entail clear and unambiguous assessment tasks, criteria and standards along with the receipt of unequivocal and corrective feedback. The paper concludes that faced with assessment tasks that move beyond established facts and demonstrable theories it may only be students who view knowledge as relative and mutable that will likely be satisfied with their assessment and feedback experience. 相似文献
17.
In this study we investigate a strategy for engaging high school mathematics teachers in an initial examination of their teaching in a way that is non-threatening and at the same time effectively supports the development
of teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge [Shulman (1986). Educational Researcher, 15(2), 4–14]. Based on the work undertaken by the QUASAR project with middle school mathematics teachers, we engaged a group
of seven high school mathematics teachers in learning about the Levels of Cognitive Demand, a set of criteria that can be
used to examine mathematical tasks critically. Using qualitative methods of data collection and analysis, we sought to understand
how focusing the teachers on critically examining mathematical tasks influenced their thinking about the nature of mathematical
tasks as well as their choice of tasks to use in their classrooms. Our research indicates that the teachers showed growth
in the ways that they consider tasks, and that some of the teachers changed their patterns of task choice. Further, this study
provides a new research instrument for measuring teachers’ growth in pedagogical content knowledge.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at the American Educational Research Association Annual Meeting, New Orleans,
LA, April 2002. 相似文献
18.
Camilla Björklund Eva Ahlskog-Björkman 《International Journal of Early Years Education》2017,25(2):98-111
Thematic work that integrates different knowledge areas is considered suitable for developing young children’s knowledge and skills in early childhood education. This paper reports evidence from a survey of early childhood teachers’ work with mathematics and art integrated in thematic work. In this study, we aim to explore how teachers perceive mathematics learning and teaching integrated with art. Data for analysis were collected from a questionnaire answered by 27 early childhood teachers from Finland and Sweden. Influenced by a sociocultural theoretical framework, the analysis concerns the teachers’ expressed goals for learning and their strategies for achieving these goals. The analysis reveals qualitatively different approaches to the learning goals addressed by the teachers – process-oriented, product-oriented, development-oriented and providing awareness – which, respectively, seem to generate different meanings of mathematical learning integrated with art. This study offers an overview of teachers’ approaches to teaching mathematics and art in thematic work, and of how different approaches may influence what mathematical meaning is offered to children to explore. 相似文献
19.
The study considers mathematical problem solving to be at the heart of mathematics teaching and learning, while mathematical challenge is a core element of any educational process. The study design addresses the complexity of teachers’ knowledge. It is aimed at exploring the development of teachers’ mathematical and pedagogical conceptions associated with systematic employment of multiple-solution tasks (MSTs) in a “problem-solving” course for prospective mathematics teachers (PMTs). Our attention to teachers’ mathematical conceptions focused on the development of PMTs’ problem-solving competences. Our attention to teachers’ meta-mathematical and pedagogical conceptions focused on changes in teachers’ views concerning the level of interest and level of difficulty of the mathematical tasks. We differentiated between the systematic and craft modes of professional development integrated in the course. Systematic mode involved problem-solving sessions and reflective discussions on collective solution spaces. Craft mode involved interviewing school students. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of MSTs for PMTs’ professional development. 相似文献
20.
本文简要介绍了目前高等数学课程教学改革的情况和在课堂进行数学实验教学的探索,并且就高等数学课程改革提出几点建议。 相似文献