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1.
Adéle Bezuidenhout 《Distance Education》2015,36(2):246-262
The changing work roles and resulting workloads of distance educators hold significant implications for the wellbeing and mental health of academics. New work roles include redesigning curricula for online delivery, increasing staff-student ratios and demands for student-support, management of part-time staff, and 24-h availability. This research was conducted to investigate the perceived importance of various job roles constituting the quantitative and qualitative workload of distance educators at an open and distance learning university in South Africa. A quantitative, cross-sectional self-report survey design was employed. A stratified random sampling technique was used to ensure generalisability. The questionnaires were completed online, and the results were statistically analysed. The findings include a priority list of 40 distance educators’ work roles that may impact on their perceived workload. The article offers recommendations for policy development to facilitate a healthy workload allocation for distance educators. 相似文献
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The impacts of different types of workload allocation models on academic satisfaction and working life 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Iris Vardi 《Higher Education》2009,57(4):499-508
Increasing demands on academic work have resulted in many academics working long hours and expressing dissatisfaction with
their working life. These concerns have led to a number of faculties and universities adopting workload allocation models
to improve satisfaction and better manage workloads. This paper reports on a study which examined the workload models in use
across a large Australian university. Analysis revealed that the various models could be categorised into three types. The
pros, cons and impacts of these three categories of model were compared from both a management and staff perspective. The
study found that while models of all types can lay the foundation for equitable distribution of workload, some categories
of model can have unintended consequences with negative effects on the work culture and hence staff satisfaction. 相似文献
3.
《Africa Education Review》2013,10(3):398-414
ABSTRACTThis article reports on the results of a statistical analysis of the weekly working hours of academics in a Faculty of Human and Social Sciences at a South African university. The aim was to quantify, analyse and compare the workload of academic staff. Seventy-five academics self-reported on their workload by completing the workload measuring instrument. The results indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in the total working hours per week in terms of gender, schools, academic qualifications and positions. However, there were statistically significant differences in the hours spent performing core academic activities such as teaching and learning, administration and management, research and postgraduate supervision, and community engagement and services to the scholarly community. The results indicated inequalities in the workload allocation of academic staff, with some staff members being underutilized and others significantly over worked. 相似文献
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一引言 《宁波大学学报(教育科学版)》2013,(4):65-067
The calculation of university teachers’ teaching workload has a direct impact on the teachers’ work initiative and incentive mechanism. This article takes two factors—the quality and quantity in university teachers’ teaching work—as the basis for comprehensive assessment in establishing a calculation model for teaching workload so that the calculation of teaching workload can achieve more of objectiveness,comprehensiveness, fairness and feasibility 相似文献
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李新翠 《湖南师范大学教育科学学报》2021,(2):82-89
研究基于对东部、中部和西部5000多名中小学教师调查的数据,探究中小学教师工作负荷的结构、水平与类型。结果显示,中小学教师工作负荷是由非教学工作、工作时间、间接教学工作和直接教学工作等四个要素构成,中小学教师工作负荷比较重。中小学教师工作负荷水平在地区、城乡、学段、岗位、是否班主任,以及是否寄宿制学校等方面存在显著的差异。进一步聚类分析发现,中小学教师工作负荷集中体现为均衡低负荷型和非均衡高负荷型。为此,需要科学认识为教师减负,因地、因人制宜,集中攻破教师减负难题。 相似文献
8.
The literature demonstrates that stress in the working life of academics has increased over recent years. However, qualitative research on how academics cope with this is very scarce. Using online interviewing with thematic analysis, this paper examines how 31 academics in a post-92 predominantly teaching-focused UK university cope with the stressors of work. An innovation was to ask about both positive and negative experiences at work unlike most stress research which focuses only on negatives. Six themes emerged from the data; administrative loads, coping with stress at work, task preferences, the academic role, and positive and negative feelings around research/scholarship and thoughts around leaving academia. Increases in student numbers, being able to spend less time with students, heavy workloads, increasing administration, poor management, funding cuts and government initiatives threatening the future of education, obtaining research funding, and increasing insecurity of academic posts were all stressors. Positives identified included satisfaction gained from teaching students, support from colleagues, relative autonomy at work and the ability to manage their time more effectively were perceived as factors that can moderate some of the negative consequences of work stress. Overall, academics reported being happy at work because of the satisfaction gained from teaching and research. 相似文献
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The effect of technology-enhanced learning (TEL) strategies in higher education has arguably been transformative despite the not-insignificant barriers existing in this context. Throughout the discourse very little attention has been paid to those primarily responsible for this implementation—academic teaching staff. This paper aims to highlight the impact of academic workload allocations, an often silent barrier to the uptake of TEL strategies in higher education. We will discuss the effects of academic identity and culture, preferential time allocation to associative activities, academic technological capacity, university policies and workload and funding models on the uptake, and implementation on TEL in higher education. Our aim is to highlight the risks to staff, students and institutions should these concerns not be addressed and to propose a model for utilisation by all staff responsible for implementing flexible workload models supportive of further implementation of TEL strategies across the sector. 相似文献
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E.J. Pharo A. Davison K. Warr M. Nursey-Bray K. Beswick E. Wapstra 《Teaching in Higher Education》2013,18(5):497-507
A teacher network was formed at an Australian university in order to better promote interdisciplinary student learning on the complex social-environmental problem of climate change. Rather than leaving it to students to piece together disciplinary responses, eight teaching academics collaborated on the task of exposing students to different types of knowledge in a way that was more than the summing of disciplinary parts. With a part-time network facilitator providing cohesion, network members were able to teach into each other's classes, and share material and student activities across a range of units that included business, zoology, marine science, geography and education. Participants reported that the most positive aspects of the project were the collegiality and support for teaching innovation provided by peers. However, participants also reported being time-poor and overworked. Maintaining the collaboration beyond the initial one year project proved difficult because without funding for the network facilitator, participants were unable to dedicate the time required to meet and collaborate on shared activities. In order to strengthen teacher collaboration in a university whose administrative structures are predominantly discipline-based, there is need for recognition of the benefits of interdisciplinary learning to be matched by recognition of the need for financial and other resources to support collaborative teaching initiatives. 相似文献
11.
Leanne Boyd 《Journal of Higher Education Policy & Management》2014,36(3):315-326
The workload of academics in Australia is increasing. Among the potential ramifications of this are work-related stress and burnout. Unions have negotiated workload models in employment agreements as a means of distributing workload in a fair and transparent manner. This qualitative pilot study aimed to explore how academics perceive their current workload and the utility of workload formulas within their workplace. The findings revealed five themes: scepticism, anger, vindication, justice and balance. Workload models appear to have utility within academia as a means of balancing role expectations in an equitable and transparent manner. They are also useful for demonstrating workloads to management objectively and identifying staff at increased risk of burnout because of inappropriately high workloads. Problematic issues identified were perceptions that workload models are management tools to control and monitor the workplace, and their implementation would not result in change. 相似文献
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This paper reports on the practice of buying-out teaching to create time for research. A study was carried out, at a regional
university in Australia, with academics in receipt of research grant funds (and therefore with the means to buy out teaching),
Heads of School, and the Deputy Vice Chancellors responsible respectively for research and for academic matters. We found
that while eligible academics did buy out teaching by employing casual staff, most of them worried about the potential effects
on teaching quality and students’ learning. Heads of School were more sanguine about possible effects on teaching. Decision
making by academics about whether to buy out teaching, and by Heads of School about whether to allow it in particular cases,
took account of a number of factors. Some teaching activities were seen as higher-risk than others for buying-out. It was
uniformly recognised by all parties that buying-out did not result in complete relief from the teaching activity that was
bought out; a great deal of time and energy needed to be invested by the academic in making appropriate arrangements and monitoring
the quality of work undertaken by the casual staff. The paper suggests that clearer policies need to be instituted in this
area; academics were unsure what buying-out was allowed or acceptable, and would benefit from more discussion of the practice. 相似文献
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This paper examines the proposition that the quality of university teaching in the research-intensive university is affected by various compliance demands on academic work that are meant to either enhance or be complementary to teaching. These include holding academics to account for the quality of both research and teaching. Our research aims to contribute to evolving theories about the research-teaching nexus and the relationship between compliance and teaching quality. Twenty five in-depth interviews were undertaken with lecturers at a research-intensive university. It was found that research was valued more than teaching, and teaching quality only needed to be good enough to achieve career goals. Once a certain compliance level had been reached in teaching, lecturers could justify apportioning more time for research. We have described teaching in this context as ‘vanilla’ and argue that vanilla teaching is a rationale choice for university academics. 相似文献
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Management of time and workload is influenced by the quality of awareness of impacting factors. Faculty has to attend to many responsibilities, with technology in teaching a recent but game-changing impacting factor. This article is a case study which explores the metacognitive awareness of the impact of technology on teaching, learning and research by a senior professor at a distance education institution. Current research often focuses on institutional policy, with less attention being paid to how staff consciously reflect on it. Although policy creates necessary frameworks, a healthy and comprehensive awareness of relevant issues is required for making informed decisions about time and workload. Many academics are so accustomed to being overworked that they seem to become unaware of the rising heat, much like the proverbial “frog in a pot of slowly heated water.” What is suggested is that faculty should be skilled in metacognitive awareness strategies, in order to better manage their time and workload. 相似文献
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Progression through Academic Ranks: A Longitudinal Examination of Internal Promotion Drivers 
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下载免费PDF全文 The last 20 years have brought major workload changes for academics globally, with the feeling that an academic in today's global higher education industry has three full‐time jobs (research, teaching and service). Following recent Government reforms, the Australian higher education sector has been forced to redefine itself in a more commercial context. The need to research workloads over time is recommended owing to changes as a result of growth, internationalisation and increasing competition. This longitudinal study comprises 5 years of observable teaching and research workloads capturing the teaching and research output of more than 85 individuals in two Australian university business faculties. Our results reinforce the axiom ‘publish or perish’ as it is the number of research papers published which increases the chances of internal promotion. Other observed workload characteristics, number of courses taught, number of students, research income and the number of research grants awarded, did not increase the likelihood of internal promotion. Suggestions for policy reforms and further research are identified. 相似文献
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文章以某普通高校某学院全部专任教师为研究对象,以教师1个聘期的教学工作量、科研工作量和教学效果评价3项指标为观测点,分别从职称、学历、年龄段和教研室4个维度对3项指标进行分类统计研究。研究结果表明,教学工作量的主要差异在于学校(教研室)的安排;职称和学历两个因素是影响科研工作量的敏感因素;基础教研室教师的教学效果评价总体高于专业教研室;36～40岁的教师的教学、科研及教学效果均较好。 相似文献
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John Kenny 《Higher Education》2018,75(2):365-380
Neo-liberal reforms in higher education have resulted in corporate managerial practices in universities and a drive for efficiency and productivity in teaching and research. As a result, there has been an intensification of academic work, increased stress for academics and an emphasis on accountability and performativity in universities. The paper proposes that while managerialism in modern universities is now the norm, corporate approaches have disempowered academics in their institutions and reduced productivity because they ignore the nature of academic work. Using Foucault’s conception of power relations in institutions, policies that directly affect academic work such as workload allocation and performance management are identified as key ways in which power is exercised in universities. The paper reports on a case study in one university which explored the relationship between the academic workload allocation and performance management policies and concludes that a more balanced power relationship is needed in which academics can have more influence over these key processes which control their work so they preserve the self-managed aspects of academic work and the intrinsic motivations driving their careers. 相似文献
18.
Shirley V. Scott 《Journal of Further & Higher Education》2015,39(5):699-712
Assessment is central to learning. It is also central to the cost of providing higher education. Choosing how much and what forms of assessment are questions not only of good teaching but of good policy. Measuring the amount of assessment set in each course provides a basis on which to determine equitable and appropriate workloads for students and staff across disciplines and institutions and to use institutional budgets and staff time to best effect. It is, however, more difficult than it might at first appear to select metrics appropriate to this task. This article considers the advantages and disadvantages of four options. It also suggests the potential value of ratios and proposes that further consideration be given to removing the distinction commonly found in student workload formulae between time spent on learning out of class and that spent on assessment. 相似文献
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Andrew T. Graham 《Journal of Further & Higher Education》2015,39(5):665-679
Higher education in the UK is under increasing pressure to manage the workload of its academic staff in a way that maximises the outputs from teaching and research. The emergence of this trend can be traced back to 1989 and the government legislation that introduced neo-liberal managerialism into the sector mirroring the laissez-faire approach to the economy that was prevalent at the time. This article examines the literature surrounding workload management and staff performance in the sector to try to establish whether the two have been conceptually linked. A desk-based narrative literature review was executed in order to scrutinise the literature and attempt to answer the main question: what does ‘performance’ mean in relation to an academic role and how is this related to an academic’s workload within the post-92 (referring to ex-polytechnics and colleges of higher education granted university title following the Further and Higher Education Act 1992) higher education sector? The results of the review show that the literature is dichotomous both in terms of the two areas being discrete and also in the conceptual stance taken by writers in each area. Whilst there are inferred links between workload management and performance, these have not been explored. The article concludes by outlining what further research is needed on the linkages between workload management and staff performance specifically, using socially-critical methodology. 相似文献